The National Mall is a beautiful park within the National Mall and Memorial Parks, an official unit of the National Park System of the United States. It is located near downtown Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS) of the US Department of the Interior.
The term National Mall typically covers areas that are also officially part of West Potomac Park and Constitution Park in the southwest. This term is often taken to refer to the entire area between the Lincoln Memorial in the west and east to the US Capitol grounds, with the Washington Monument dividing the area slightly west from its midpoint. A smaller designation sometimes referred to as the National Mall (which is appropriate) does not include both the basic Capitol and the reason the Washington Monument, only applies to the area between them.
The National Mall contains and borders a number of Smithsonian Institution museums, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and sculptures. The park receives about 24 million visitors each year.
Video National Mall
Histori
Kota the Child Encounter
In his 1791 plan for the future city of Washington, DC, Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant envisioned a park-lined "highway" about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 400 feet (120 m) wide, at a the area to be located between the Capitol building and the George Washington riding statue to be placed just south of the White House (see L'Enfant Plan). The National Mall (proper) occupies this planned "grand avenue" location, which was never built. The Washington Monument stands near the planned site of a horse-drawn statue named namesake. Map 1802 Mathew Carey is reported to be the first to name the western area of ​​the United States Capitol as "Mall".
The Washington Canal, completed in 1815 in accordance with the Cluttered Plan, traveled along Tiber Creek road to the Potomac River along the Constitution Avenue, NW (formerly B Street, NW) and south lanes around the Capitol, thus defining the northern boundary and east Mall. Because it is shallow and often blocked by mud, the canal works only finite and becomes an open sewer. Part of the canal that traveled near the Mall was covered in 1871 for hygiene reasons.
Downing Plan
During the early 1850s, architect and estateman Andrew Jackson Downing designed a landscape plan for Mal. Over the next half century, federal agencies developed several naturalistic parks within the Mall according to Downing's plan. The two areas are Henry Park and Seaton Park.
During that period, Mall was divided into several areas along B Street NW:
- Grounds Monument between 17 and 14 NW Road
- Grounds of Agriculture between 14 and 12 NW Road
- The Smithsonian Grounds between 12 and 7 NW Road
- The Armory Square between 7th and 6th Street NW
- General Place between 6 and NW 2
In 1856, Armory (No. 27 on the map above) was built at the crossroads of B Street SW and 6th Street SW in Armory Grounds. In 1862, during the American Civil War, the building was converted into a military hospital known as Armory Square Hospital to accommodate victims of the Union Army. After the war ended, the armory building became the home of the United States Fish Commission..
The Department of Agriculture was formed in 1862 during the Civil War. In 1867, Adolf Cluss designed the United States Department of Agriculture Building (No. 25 on the map). After the war ended, the Department began planting experimental plants and demonstration gardens in the Mall. These gardens are expanded from the Department building on the south side of the Mall to B Street NW (northern boundary Mall). The building was destroyed in 1930 to fulfill the McMillan Plan. In addition, the greenhouse belonging to the U.S. Botanical Gardens (No. 16 on the map) appears near the eastern end of the Mall between Canal Washington City and Capitol (later between 1st and 3rd Streets).
Originally in the early 1800s as a collection of market kiosks immediately north of the Washington City Canal and Mall, Center Market (No. 19 on the map), designed by Adolf Cluss, opened in 1872 as soon as the canal was closed. Located on the north side of Constitution Avenue NW (formerly B Street NW), National Archives now occupy Market sites.
During that period, railroads crossed the Mall on 6th Street, west of the Capitol. Near the rails, some structures were built over the years. Baltimore and Potomac Railway (B on the map) rose in 1873 on the north side of the Mall on the southwest corner of 6th Street and B Street NW (now the location of the west building of the National Gallery of Art).
McMillan's Plan
In 1902, the plans of the McMillan Commission, partly inspired by the City Beautiful Movement and supposedly expanding L'Enfant's plans, called for a radical Malay redesign that would replace greenhouses, gardens, trees and commercial/industrial facilities with open space. The plan differs from L'Enfant's by replacing the 400 feet (120 m) wide "grand avenue" with 300 feet (91 m) wide vista containing long grass and wide grass. Four rows of American elm trees (Ulmus americana) planted fifty feet between two lanes or roads will line up on each side of the vista. Buildings consisting of cultural and educational institutions built in Beaux-Arts style will line up in every street or street, across the street or street from the elm tree.
In the following years, McMillan's vision of the plan was generally followed by the planting of American elm trees and the layout of four boulevards down the Mall, two on either side of the broad grass. In accordance with the plan that was completed in 1976, NPS changed the two deepest boulevards (Washington and Adams Drives) into a graveled lane. The two outermost boulevards (Jefferson Drive Southwest (SW) and Madison Drive Northwest (NW)) remain paved and open to vehicular traffic.
In 1918, contractors for the United States Navy Bureau and Pier built the "Main Navy" and "Munitions" for nearly a third of a mile from the southern side of Constitution Avenue (later known as BÃ, Street), from 17th Street NW to 21st Street NW. Although the Navy intended to build a building to provide a temporary place for the United States military during World War I, reinforced concrete structures remained until 1970. Most of the building area later became the Constitutional Park, ordained in 1976.
From the 1970s to 1994, a fiberglass model of the triceratops named " Uncle Beazley " stood at the Mall in front of the National Museum of Natural History. The size-sized statue, now located at the National Zoological Park in Northwest Washington, D.C., was donated to the Smithsonian Institution by Sinclair Oil Corporation. The statue, created by Louis Paul Jonas for the DinoLand Sinclair pavilion at the 1964 New York World Exposition, was named after the dinosaurs in Oliver Butterworth's 1956 book, The Enormous Egg, and the 1968 film adaptation of the statue emerging.
In 2003, the 108th US Congress enacted a Clarification and Revision Commemoration Act. This law prohibits the determination of new warning sites and visitor centers in reserve areas specified in Mal's cross axis.
In October 2013, the closure of the federal government for two weeks closed the National Mall along with its museums and monuments. However, when a group of elderly veterans tried to enter the World War II National Memorial during the first day of closure, the warning barricade was removed. NPS then announced that veterans have the legal right to be on the memorial and will not be banned in the future. During the second week of closing, NPS allowed controversial immigration rallies and concerts took place at the Mall.
On October 15, 1966, NPS registered the National Mall on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1981, NPS prepared a National Register nomination form documenting the boundaries, features and significance of the Mall.
On December 8, 2016, NPS is listed on the National Historic Historic Site List of the National Mall Historic District limit to include areas restricted by 3rd Street, NW/SW, Independence Avenue, SW, Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, CSX Railroad, Potomac River, Constitution Ave., NW, 17th Street, NW, White House Grounds and 15th Street, NW. The list registration form, which contains 232 pages, illustrates and illustrates the history and features of the proposed expansion area of ​​the historic district.
Maps National Mall
Measurement
Dimensions
- Between the Capitol and Lincoln Memorial steps, this mall runs 1.9 miles (3.0 km).
- Among the Capitol and Washington Monument steps, this Mall covers 1.2 miles (1.8 km).
- Between the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial and the Lincoln Memorial, the Mall covers 309.2 acres (125.13 ha).
- Between Constitution Avenue NW and Independence Avenue SW on 7th Street, the Mall width is 1,586 feet (483 m).
- Between Madison Drive NW and Jefferson Drive SW on 7th Street, the wide open space of the Mall is 656 feet (200 m).
- Among the deepest tree rows near 7th Street, Mall vista's width is 300 feet (91 m).
Boundary
In the 1981 nomination of National Historic of Historic Places, NPS set the boundaries of the National Mall (exact) as the Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues to the north, 1st Street NW to the east, Independence and Maryland Avenues to the south, and 14th Street NW at west, with the exception of a section of land bordered by Jefferson Drive to the north, Independence Avenue to the south, and by 12th and 14th Streets each in the east and west, run by the US Department of Agriculture and which contains the Jamie L. Whitten Building US Department of Agriculture). The NPS National Park Index 2012-2016 describes the National Mall as a landscape park that extends from the Capitol to the Washington Monument, which is defined as the main axis in the Land Plan for the city of Washington.
However, the NPS 2010 plan for Mal contains maps showing the general area of ​​the Mall being larger. A document in the plan describes this area as "the US Capitol yard in the west to the Potomac River, and from the Thomas Jefferson Memorial north to Constitution Avenue." A map in the plan titled "The National Mall Areas" describes "The Mall" as a green space bounded in the east by 3rd Street, west by 14th Street, north by Jefferson Drive, NW, and south by Madison Drive, SW. The Central Intelligence Agency map shows the Mall as the space between the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol.
In 2011, the 112th US Congress passed the Law on the Elimination of the Legislative Branch, 2012, transferred to the Capitol Architects, NPS properties bounded north by Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, on the east by First Street Northwest and First Street. Southwest, on the south by Southwest Maryland Avenue, and to the west with Third Street Southwest and Third Street Northwest. "This removes Union Square (the area containing the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial and Capitol Reflecting Pool) from the NPS jurisdiction.
Destination
National Park Service states that the purpose of the National Mall is to:
- Provide monumental, dignified and symbolic arrangements for government structures, museums and national memorials as described first by L'Enfant's plan and elaborated in McMillan's plan.
- Preserve and provide for the use of the National Mall with its public promenade as a finished civil artwork, a historic landscape designed to provide a magnificent view for the nation's symbols.
- Maintain National Mall warning jobs (memorials, monuments, sculptures, sites, parks) that honor the presidential heritage, prominent public figures, ideas, events, and military and civilian sacrifices and contributions.
- Forever maintaining parts of West Potomac Park in the National Mall as a public park for recreation and people's enjoyment.
- Keep the National Mall at the heart of the nation's capital as a platform for national events and national public spaces that excel for public meetings because it is here that the constitutional right to speak and gather peacefully finds their full expression.
- Keep the National Mall as an area free from commercial advertising while retaining the ability to recognize sponsors.
Landmarks, museums and other features
The National Mall (exact) contains landmarks, museums and other features including the opening year:
The National Museum of African American History and Culture is located between the Washington Memorial and the National Museum of American History. Opened in 2016.
With the exception of the National Art Gallery, all the museums at the National Mall (proper) are part of the Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian Gardens maintains a number of gardens near the museum. These gardens include:
The wider area of ​​the National Mall includes many landmarks and other features.
The eastern features of the National Mall (exact) include:
The west features of the National Mall (exact) include:
The population of American elm trees planted in the Mall and its surroundings in accordance with McMillan Plan has remained intact for the last 70 years due to disease management and immediate tree replacement. Dutch elm disease (DED) first appeared in the Mall in the 1950s and peaked in the 1970s. NPS has used a number of methods to control the epidemic of this fungus, including sanitation, pruning, inoculation of trees with fungicides, replanting with American-resistant elm cultivars and fighting against localized insect vectors of disease, smaller European elm bark (Scolytus multistriatus), with trapping and spraying with insecticides. Soil compaction and root damage by the crowd and construction projects also affect the elm tree.
Destroyed or Moved Structures
- Washington Canal (closed under Constitution Avenue NW)
- Armory Square Hospital/Armory was replaced in 1964 by the National Air and Space Museum
- The Baltimore and Potomac Railway stations were closed in 1907 when the train was moved to Union Station
- The Central Market was replaced in 1931 by the National Archives Building
- Uncle Beazley moved in 1994 to the National Zoo
Other attractions around
Other attractions within walking distance of the National Mall (supposedly) include:
East of Capitol attractions:
- Congress Library
- United States Supreme Court Building
- Shakespeare's Folger Library
Attractions northeast of the National Mall (the right one):
- National Postal Museum
- Union Station
Attractions on the north National Mall (exact):
- National Archives
- Newseum Freedom Forum
- Old Post Office Building and Clock Tower
- Inlay from L'Enfant's plan for federal capital at Freedom Plaza
- National Theater
- The Ford Theater
Attractions northwest march (right):
- The White House (on a line just north of the Washington Monument)
- The Ellipse
- Albert Einstein Memorial
Attractions south of the National Mall (proper):
- Bible Museum
- Ignore at Benjamin Banneker Park
Attractions Southwest National Mall (the right one):
- Tidal Basin
- Jefferson Memorial
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
- George Mason Memorial
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Usage
The National Mall, combined with other attractions in the Washington Metropolitan Area, makes the nation's capital one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. It has several other uses but serves as a tourist focal point.
Protests and rallies
The status of the National Mall as a vast, open expanse in the heart of the capital makes it an attractive place for protests and demonstrations of all kinds. One noteworthy example was in March 1963 in Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a political meeting during the Civil Rights Movement, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his speech "I Have a Dream".
The largest official rally recorded was the Vietnam War Moratorium Rally on October 15, 1969. However, in 1995, NPS released a mass estimate for the Million Man March which the event's organizer, Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, disagreed. The following year, the 104th United States Congress committee did not provide funds for counting activities in Washington, D.C. when the country prepared a law that made the 1997 allocation to the US Department of the Interior.
As a result, NPS has not provided an official official size estimate for the Mall event since 1995. The absence of such official estimates triggered political controversy after Donald Trump's presidential inauguration in 2017 (see: Inauguration of the size of the Donald Trump crowd).
On April 25, 2004, March for Women's Life filled the Mall. On January 27, 2007, tens of thousands of protesters who opposed the Iraq War gathered at the Mall (see: January 27, 2007 anti-war protest), drawing comparisons by participants to the Vietnam War protests.
Inauguration of the President
During the presidential inauguration, people without an official ticket gathered at the National Mall. Typically, Malls between 7th and 14th Street NW are used as staging venues. On 4 December 2008, the Presidential Inaugural Committee (see: the inauguration of the president of the United States) announced that "for the first time, the entire length of the National Mall will be opened to the public so that more people than ever will be able to witness the President's inauguration from the point of view on the Capitol. "The committee made this arrangement because a large presence - projected to be as many as 2 million people - is expected for Barack Obama's first inauguration on January 20, 2009.
Despite the arrangement, the crowd searched for access to the rising event and then removed a temporary protective fence around the Mary Livingston Ripley Garden Smithsonian, six blocks from the site where Obama took his inaugural oath. The gangs then step on the garden vegetation and elevated plant beds upon entering and leaving the show. Others can not find a way to enter the Mall in time to see the ceremony.
More than a thousand people with tickets missed the event while stranded on the I-395 Third Street Tunnel under the Mall after police directed them there (see Purple Tunnel of Doom). The Joint Congress Committee at the Inaugural Event later announced that unacceptable ticket holders would receive copies of invitations and swearing programs, photos of Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, and ceremonial color printing.
Other events and recreational activities
The National Mall has long served as a place for jogging, picnicking, and light recreation for the Washington population. The Smithsonian Carousel, located on the Mall in front of the Arts and Industry Building, is a popular seasonal attraction. The carousel was built by Allan Herschell Company and arrived at Gwynn Oak Park near Baltimore, Maryland, in 1947. Moved to Mal in 1981.
Annual event
A large number of free events happen every year at the Mall. The kite festival, formerly called the "Smithsonian Kite Festival" and now called "Blossom Kite Festival", usually takes place annually on the Washington Monument square during the last weekend of March as part of the National Blossom Cherry Festival. The 2018 kite festival takes place on the grounds of the Washington Monument on Saturday, March 31.
Earth Day celebrations often take place in the Mall around 22 April. A series of rallies, exhibits, observations, and performances for a week takes place in the Mall from April 17 to April 25, 2010 to commemorate 40 years Earth Day. The last day event featured performances by Sting, Mavis Staples, The Roots, John Legend, Jimmy Cliff and others. The 2012 Earth Day Rally, featuring music, entertainment, celebrity speakers and neighborhood events, takes place at the Mall during a rainy day on Sunday, April 22. Cheap Trick, Dave Mason, Nigel Pilkington, Dan Russell and Emma Tate and The Explorers Club were performed and Congressmen John Dingell and Edward Markey spoke. In 2013, "Moon of Earth" at Union Station Washington replaces Earth Day Mall event. On April 19, 2015, Earth Day's "Earth Citizen" concert featured performances on the Washington Monument field by Usher, My Morning Jacket, Mary J. Blige, Train and No Doubt.
The National Symphony Orchestra presents annually National Memorial Day concerts on the western page of the United States Capitol on the eve of the Sunday before Memorial Day (last Monday of May). The National Art Gallery runs the annual Jazz in the Garden series at the Sculpture Garden Museum on Friday nights from late May to August.
United States Navy Components Bands, United States Air Force Bands, United States Marines and United States Army Bands appear on the west stairs of the United States Capitol on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday evenings, respectively, during June, July and August. The Marine Band repeats every appearance on Capitol Wednesday the following night (Thursday) at the Sylvan Theater in the courtyard of the Washington Monument. The US military band component also provides night concerts at World War II Memorial from May to August.
The Smithsonian Folklife Festival takes place at the Mall every year for two weeks around Independence Day (4 July). On that holiday, the A Capitol Fourth concert took place in the afternoon and evening in the Capitol west yard. These and other Independence Day celebrations in and near the Mall ends after sunset with a firework show between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
The National Symphony Orchestra celebrates annually Today's Labor Day concert on the western yard of the United States Capitol on the eve of Sunday before Labor Day (first Monday of September).
Other events
On April 9, 1939, singer Marian Anderson gave an Easter Sunday concert at the Lincoln Memorial after Daughters of American Revolution (DAR) rejected a request by Howard University for him to give an Easter performance in a separate Constitution Building based on race in DAR. see: 1989 Lincoln Memorial Concert from Marian Anderson). The event, attended by 75,000 people, came after President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave his approval for the show.
The 1976 Bicentennial United States celebration provides motivation for planning to accommodate the large number of visitors expected to the National Mall. A number of key alerts were added to the Mall during that period. On May 21, 1976, the Constitution Park was dedicated. On July 1st, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum opened. On July 4, the Bicentennial fireworks show on Mall attracted one million viewers, making it the second after the 1965 presidential inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as the greatest event in Mall history up to that time.
On Sunday, October 9, 1979, Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass at the National Mall during a visit to Washington. The celebrations took place after an appeals court rejected a motion for the atheist orders Madalyn Murray O'Hair and Jon Garth Murray had proposed to prevent the event from happening.
From 1980 to 1982, The Beach Boys and The Grass Roots held an Independence Day concert at the Mall, attracting many visitors. However, in April 1983, James G. Watt, Interior Secretary of President Ronald Reagan, banned the Independence Day concert at the Mall by the groups. Watt said that the "rock bands" who had performed at the Mall on Independence Day in 1981 and 1982 had encouraged the use of drugs and alcoholism and had attracted "wrong elements", which would reward individuals and families who attend similar events in the future. Watt later announced that Las Vegas broadcaster Wayne Newton, a friend and supporter of President Reagan and a contributor to the Republican political campaign, would perform at the 1983 Independence Day celebration at the Mall.
During the ensuing clash, Rob Grill, lead singer of The Grass Roots, stated that he felt "deeply humiliated" by Watt's statement, which he called "nothing but un-American". The Beach Boys stated that the Soviet Union, which had invited them to perform at Leningrad in 1978, "clearly.... does not feel that the group is attracting the wrong element". Vice President George H. W. Bush said of The Beach Boys, "They are my friends and I love their music". On July 3, 1983, thousands of people attended the closely guarded Rock Against Reagan concert that the hardcore punk rock band, Dead Kennedys, appeared in the Mall in response to Watt's action. When Newton entered the Independence Day stage at the Mall on July 4, members of his audience scoffed. Watt apologized to The Beach Boys, First Lady Nancy Reagan apologized for Watt, and in 1984 The Beach Boys gave a Independence Day concert at the Mall for an audience of 750,000 people.
On September 4, 2003, Britney Spears, Mary J. Blige, Aretha Franklin, Aerosmith and others appeared in a nationally-broadcast "NFL Kickoff Live" from National Mall Presented by Pepsi Vanilla "(see: Pre-match concert for National Football League game), preceded by a three-day National Football League "interactive Super Bowl amusement park", the event was primarily a commercial destination, unlike the previous major events at the Mall.At three weeks later, the US Senate passed a law that when passed into law, exhibit limited commercial sponsorship at the Mall.
On July 7, 2007, a Live Earth leg was held outdoors at the National Museum of American Indians on the Mall. Former Vice President Al Gore was presented, and artists like Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood performed.
Occurs once every two to three years in the Mal in the early autumn from 2002 to 2009, the US Department of Energy Solar Decathlon displays solar powered homes that are designed for competitive, built, and operated teams. Sparking controversy, the Department of Energy (DOE) decided to move Decathlon 2011 from Mal, claiming that it would support efforts to protect, repair and restore the park. Federal officials claimed that the heavy equipment that had placed a two-story house in the Mall during the previous Decathlon had broken the path and killed the grass to a greater extent than most other Mall events. On February 4, 2011, the Washington Post's editorial criticized efforts to return President Obama to the Mall. Nevertheless, on February 12, 2011, at least thirteen US Senators have signed a letter requesting the DOE to reconsider its decision. On February 23, 2011, the DOE and the Home Affairs Department announced that Decathlon Solar 2011 will take place along Ohio Drive in the southeast of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial at West Potomac Park. The event takes place in the Park from September 23 to October 2, 2011. Solar Decathlon 2013 takes place in California, not Washington.
From 2003 to 2013, the National Book Festival takes place at the Mall every year in late September or early October. However, the event moved to Walter E. Washington Convention Center in 2014 as NPS became concerned about the damage suffered by pedestrians in the Mall yard during the previous Festival.
The four-day exhibition is held annually at the Mall during the Public Service Recognition Week (first full week of May) to 2010. Government agencies participating in exhibition-sponsored events featuring public works and allowing visitors to learn about government programs and initiatives , discuss employee benefits, and interact with agency representatives. However, the United States federal budget 2011 (General Law 112-10), which was late in effect on April 15, 2011, did not contain funds for the event that year, which forced the cancellation of the event. This event does not take place in 2012.
On June 12, 2010, Tareq and Michaele Salahi, the couple being investigated for allegedly bumping into a White House state dinner for the Indian Prime Minister in November 2009 (see: US state dinner security breach of 2009), hosted an American Polo Cup match between United States and India at the Mall. The advertised ticket price for this event is $ 95 per person. The show's report stated that the players representing India actually came from Pakistan and came from Florida. A spokesman for the Indian Embassy stated that neither the Embassy nor the Indian government had any association with the event. The event's website reportedly identified an Indian company, Kingfisher Beer, as a sponsor. However, the chief executive of Kingfishers denied that the company had sponsored the event. Yashpal Singh, president and chief executive of Mendocino Brewing Company, Kingfisher's parent company, stated, "We are not sponsoring this event and have notified the people who manage this event,.... We have sent legal notices to this effect, and he continues to advertise us as a sponsor I do not know where he lives. "
The first USA Science and Engineering Festival fairs took place in the National Mall and its surroundings on 23 and 24 October 2010. More than 1,500 free interactive exhibits reportedly attracted about 500,000 people to the event, which has more than 75 shows. The second expo takes place on 28-29 April 2012, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
On Veterans Day, November 11, 2014, Bruce Springsteen, Eminem, Rihanna, Metallica, Carrie Underwood, Dave Grohl, Zac Brown Band, and other pop entertainers performed at the Mall during Valor's free evening concert honoring veterans and their families. Attendance is in the hundreds of thousands, making it one of the biggest events on the Mall for this year.
Screen on the Green film festival takes place in the Mall on Monday nights during July and August for 17 years until 2015. Free classic movies are projected on large screens and usually attract crowds of thousands of people. The committee canceled the event in 2016 when the event sponsor (HBO and Comcast) ended their support, stating that they needed their resources for another project.
On June 12, 2018, the NHL's Washington Capitals staged a rally at the Mall after showing off the entire city to celebrate the first Stanley Cup championship win, along with more than 100,000 other local fans.
National Malware
From 2006 to 2010, NPS conducted a public process that created plans for the future of the National Mall. On July 13, 2010, NPS was issued in the Federal Register notifying the availability of the final environmental impact statement (EIS) for the National Mal Plan. The final two-volume EIS responds to comments and inserts changes to the draft EIS for Design. On November 9, 2010, the NPS and the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a Record of Decision (ROD) that completed the planning process. ROD contains selected alternative summary, which is the basis for the Plan, together with mitigation measures developed to minimize environmental hazards; other alternatives considered; the basis for the decision in terms of the planning objectives and criteria used to develop the preferred alternative; findings no damage to resources and park values; more environmentally friendly alternatives; and public involvement and agency.
The plan proposes a number of changes to the Mall. NPS will build on the eastern end of the Mall overlaid a paved surface area at Union Square to accommodate demonstrations and other events by reducing the size of the Capitol Reflecting Pool or by replacing the pond with a fountain or other small water feature. Other proposed changes include the replacement of the Sylvan Theater in the Washington Monument square with facilities containing offices, restaurants and toilets.
On 2 December 2010, the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) unanimously approved the final National Mall Plan at a public hearing. The NCPC approval allows NPS to move forward with the implementation of Plan recommendations. On March 1, 2012, the NCPC discussed proposals that would reduce the green spaces of the Mall by expanding and opening most of the north-south footpaths that cross the mall between Seventh and Fourteenth Streets and by replacing with gravel in large grass areas. located near the Smithsonian Metro Station and the National Gallery of Art's Sculpture Garden.
On September 8, 2011, the Trust for the National Mall and NPS announced an open competition to redesign the spaces at the Union Square National Mall, the land of the Sylvan Theater and the now-occupied Constitution Gardens. Former First Lady of the United States Laura Bush agreed to become vice chairman of a push to raise funds for the three projects.
On April 9, 2012, the Trust for the National Mall announced ideas for redesigning Union Square, the Sylvan Theater grounds and the finalist Constitution Gardens lake area in the competition. Trust asks the public to submit online comments that will be considered the competition jury when evaluating each design. The Trust announces the winner of the competition on May 2, 2012. Groundbreaking for the first project is expected to take place in 2014, with the first ribbon-cutting ceremony in 2016.
On October 1, 2015, the NCPC approved the preliminary and final plan and developed a plan that NPS had proposed for the rehabilitation of the first phase of Constitution Gardens. Plans include relocation and rehabilitation of Lockkeeper House, C & amp; O Canal Extension, a new entrance plaza on the corner of Constitution Avenue and 17th Street, NW, landscaping, grassland habitats and pollinators and new perimeter garden walls. The interim path will be connected to the plaza at the eastern end of the Lake of the Constitution Park.
Reconstruction and recovery
From 2010 to 2012, NPS contractors rebuilt the old Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, which was first built in the early 1920s and whose water comes from a pipeline supplying Washington, D.C., with its drinking water. As a result of the project, the pond now receives filtered water from Tidal Basin through a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipeline.
NPS then commenced a four-year restoration of the central axis port of the Mall located between 3rd Street and 14th Street. By 2016, the restoration project has completely replaced the worsening and dense grass that previously covered most of the Mall with new soil-containing cover, fescue ( Festuca ) and Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis ).
Transportation
Public transport
The National Mall is accessible via Washington Metro, with the Smithsonian station located on the south side of the Mall, near the Smithsonian Institution Building between the Washington Monument and the Capitol of the United States. Triangle Station, Archives, and Union Station Metro Federal are also located near Mall, in the north. The L'Enfant Plaza, the Federal Center Southwest, and the Capitol South Metro station are located a few blocks south of the Mall. Metrobus and DC Circulator make scheduled stops near the Mall.
Bicycle
NPS provides parking facilities for bicycles near each major memorial as well as along the National Mall. From March to October, a NPS concession holder rents bicycles at Thompson Boat Center, located near the intersection of Virginia Avenue NW and Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the Lincoln Memorial along the Potomac River-Rock Trail Creek. Two of the five approved Bikeshare Capital stations opened at the National Mall on March 16, 2012, shortly before the start of the 2012 National Cherry Blossom Festival.
The National Mall is the official center point of the East Coast Greenway, a 2,000-mile shared bike path system that connects Calais, Maine, with Key West, Florida.
Pedicabs
The NPS license builds drivers to provide transportation and touring at the National Mall through the Commercial Use Authorization program.
Motor vehicle parking
Public visitor parking is available along the Ohio Drive SW, between Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson Memorials. Bus parking is available mainly along Ohio Drive, SW, near Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson Memorials and along the Ohio Drive SW, at East Potomac Park. There is limited disabled parking space at Franklin Delano Roosevelt and World War II Memorial and near the Washington and Thomas Jefferson Monuments, Lincoln, the Korean War Veterans and the Vietnam Veterans Monument; otherwise, parking is very rare in and near the Mall.
In April 2017, NPS awarded a contract for installation of parking meters on the streets and in the parking area at the Mall. On June 12, 2017, the NPS and Department of Public Works of the Columbia Department began imposing a metered parking area in approximately 1,100 parking spaces where previous riders could park at no charge.
See also
- List of Historic Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
- Quick Forward Operation
- Capitol Mall, a similar but smaller parkway located in front of California State Capitol mimicking the National Mall
References
Note
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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