Toyota Land Cruiser ( Japanese: ????????? , Toyota Rando-kur? Z? ) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by Japanese carmaker, Toyota. This is Toyota's longest series.
The first generation Land Cruiser production began in 1951 (90 units) as Toyota's version of vehicles such as the Jeep. Land Cruiser has been produced in the convertible, hardtop, station wagon and cab chassis. The reliability and longevity of the Land Cruiser has led to enormous popularity, especially in Australia where this car is a body-on-frame, the best-selling four-wheel drive vehicle. Toyota also extensively tested Land Cruiser in the Australian outback - considered one of the heaviest operating environments in both temperature and terrain. In Japan, Land Cruiser is exclusive to Toyota Japan dealers called Toyota Stores.
In 2018, Land Cruiser J200 is available in most markets. Exceptions include Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia (whose markets have Lexus LX available), North Korea, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and most of Europe. In Europe, the only countries that officially sell the Land Cruiser 200 are: Gibraltar, Iceland, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.
Video Toyota Land Cruiser
Origin
When the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines in 1941 they found an old Bantam Mk II and immediately sent him to Japan. The Japanese military authorities ordered Toyota to produce similar vehicles but to change its appearance. The Model AK prototype is generated to Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha (????? I type 4 compact cargo-truck ).
Then in 1941 the Japanese government instructed Toyota to produce light trucks for the Japanese military. In 1942, Toyota developed the AK10 prototype by reverse engineer a Bantam GP. This half-tonne truck has a straight front grille, a flat front wheel arch that slopes downward and backwards like the FJ40, a headlight mounted on top of wheel arches on either side of the radiator, and a folding windshield. The AK10 is powered by a 2259 cc, 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan coupled to a three-speed manual transmission and two-speed gearbox transfers. Unlike the US Jeep, some AK10s have been used and their photographs on the battlefield are rare.
In June 1954, in response to a trademark infringement claim by the Willys Company that produced the original Jeep, the Hanji Umehara Technology Director renamed this 4-wheeled vehicle as a Land Cruiser.
Land Cruiser 55 was produced from 1967 to 1980. Toyota refers to the FJ55G and FJ55V as the first "original" station outlet in the Land Cruiser series, thus marking the start of the station wagon branch. It was the first Land Cruiser to have a fully enclosed box frame member. Of all the Land Cruiser carts sold in the US, including the FJ45, it is the only one that does not have a hatch and tailgate at the rear, but rather just a rear door with electrically operated windows that can be pulled into the tailgate.
- 1967 - FJ55 production begins. The FJ55 is a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It's colloquially known as "Moose". This is also referred to as "pig" or "pig iron". The FJ55 has a 2700 mm longer wheelbase and is designed for sale in North America and Australia.
- Jan 1975 sees the F engine being replaced by a 2F engine. Unusual for Toyota, the model (eg FJ55) has not changed.
- Model 56 only exists in Japan, with 2F machines (January 1975 - July 1980).
J60 ( 1980-1989)
The Land Cruiser 60 series was produced from 1980 to 1990 for most markets, but the Cumana Plant in Venezuela continued until 1992 for their local market. It is a front engine, four carriage doors that can accommodate five to eight people. Like all generations of Land Cruiser, it's world-renowned off-road for off-road capabilities but somewhat limited by awkward departure angles. Series 60 is available in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Red Freeborn, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Blue-Ash, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver.
- 1980 - Serial 60 was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of the previous Land Cruiser, 60 were designed to better compete in the emerging SUV market. 60 were given various comforts such as air conditioning, rear heater and enhanced interior. The FJ60's "2F" gasoline engine is left unchanged from the "40" series while 4xL 4xL 4l binder and four-cylinder engines 3.4L 3B are added to the line product.
- 1981 - Land Cruiser sales surpass 1 million and high roof version introduced. The 60 Series was introduced to South Africa when a Land Cruiser stake competed at Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the wild punishing Botswana.
- 1984 - This is the last year for series 40.
- 1984 - Along with series 60, 70 series is introduced.
- 1985 - Direct-injection turbodiesel engine 12H-T was introduced.
- 1988 - Gasoline engine upgraded to EFI 4.0 L 3F-E engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.
J80 ( 1990-1997)
R means the right-hand drive version, excluding Japan's domestic market.
1998-2007)
In January 1998, 100 Land Cruiser series were introduced to replace 8 series of 80 years. Series 100 was previewed in October 1997 as the "Grand Cruiser" at the 32nd Tokyo Motor Show. Development began in 1991 under the 404T program code, with final design frozen in mid-1994.
There are two different versions of the 100-series, 100 and 105 . Both versions look very similar, but there are significant differences under bodywork. Despite the differences and names of these official models, both 100 and 105 are collectively known as the 100 series.
The 105 carried most of the 80-series chassis and powertrain with a suspended front and rear suspension coil, and a straight-6 petrol and diesel engine. These models are only sold in African, Australian, Russian and South American markets.
In 1998, he introduced a suspension system that incorporates Active Height Control (AHC) and Skyhook TEMS Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension on Land Cruiser J100
In 2002 Toyota introduced Night View , the first online class automotive night production system active , at Toyota Landcruiser Cygnus or Lexus LX470. The system uses a light projector that emits near-directed infrared light like a car's highbeam light and a CCD camera and then captures the reflected radiation, which is then processed by a computer that produces a black-and-white image projected on the bottom of the windshield. It was also the first Toyota with roll-over sensors and control logic
The 100 model comes with a slightly wider chassis, independent front suspension (IFS) and two new engines. The change to IFS is the first for Land Cruiser, and is made (in combination with rack-and-pinion steering) to improve on-road handling. However it also limits off-road capability and vehicle durability, hence the decision to offer solid 105 axle models in addition to IFS 100 models in some markets. The table below identifies the range of 100 and 105 models and its availability worldwide.
Although 100 and 105 bodies are very similar, there are some exterior visual indications between the two models. The most obvious is the front end of the vehicle often appears lower than the back on 100 models, because of the IFS. Another indicator is the wheel design. 100 models have an almost flat wheel design, while 105 models have wheel dished. This difference allows both versions to retain the same wheel tracks, although 100 has a relatively wider axle track to allow the IFS system.
The introduction of the V8 engine is also the first for Land Cruiser, and is specifically intended to increase sales in the North American market, where it is the only machine available. In Australia, the 100 V8 is initially available only in the range-topping GXV model, while the entry and mid-range models are 105 powered by 1FZ-FE I6 petrol, or 1HZ diesel engine. The new 1HD-FTE 100 turbo-diesel was added to the Australian ranks in October 2000 after being available in Europe and the UK since its launch in 1998. The 4WD media in Australia is critical of Toyota's decision to offer only recognized 1HD-FTE engines. in combination with IFS. The Australian Magazine 4WD Monthly said, "We will never forgive Toyota for being independent up front with a powerful turbo diesel engine".
The 100 series forms the basis for the Lexus LX 470, which is also sold in Japan as Toyota Cygnus.
The 100 Series was called Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK and Ireland from 1998 to 2007.
In 2000, Toyota celebrated the Land Cruiser's 50th anniversary with a model of warning offered in several countries. Total global production currently is 3.72 million vehicles.
The 100 series remained in production until late 2007, with several minor facelifts such as headlamps, rear lights, front grille, rear spoiler, and specification changes introduced over the years.
* This machine was not released in Australia until 2000.
The -100 series is generally considered a durable and reliable vehicle, but there are three known issues identified, generally for vehicles that operate under harsh conditions:
- The IFS 100-series gained a reputation for front suspension failure in operating conditions where the front suspension tends to hit the stop bump. Some companies produce lower wishbones to prevent cracks from developing.
- Both the IFS 100 and Live-axle 105 models have been reported to suffer because of the damaged front-differential centers when driven in harsh conditions. The most common front differential fault in the IFS model is reported in vehicles manufactured between mid-1997 and mid-1999 (ie, the 1998 and 1999 models), when Toyota installed the 100 Series IFS with a 2-pinion front differential (pinion gear) will flex away from ring gear under shock load). In 1999 (model year 2000) IFS Landcruiser received a stronger 4-pinion front differential - fewer reported failures.
J200 (2007-present)
In 2002, a 5-year development plan for the successor of the 100-series platform began under Sadayoshi Koyari and Tetsuya Tada. In 2004, 10 years after the selection of its predecessor design in 1994, the final production design has been set for J200 2008. Prototype related tests were conducted for over 2 years between 2004 and early 2007. The redesigned Toyota Land Cruiser was introduced in late 2007. Known as Series 200, it shares the Lexus LX 570 platform and overall design. The framework is new, coming from the second generation Tundra but shortened and reinforced by 20 percent. The larger brake rotors and the added calipers and front suspension are made the task heavier than the Land Cruiser's first attempt at IFS in the 100-series and the belly is also protected by slip plates. Also, the roof pillars are redesigned to better protect the occupants in rollovers.
The Series 200 suffered some criticism for its bland repetition, with some claiming that Toyota has 'developed' the classic Land Cruiser trademark identity in its attempt to customize the Land Cruiser into automotive design and 21st century modern vehicles. Nevertheless, Land Cruiser remains the NATO's preferred vehicle and remains a competent off-road vehicle.
Vehicles entered production in September 2007 and are available for sale starting September or November, depending on the country. It became available in Venezuela for sale in early November under the local nickname "Roraima" (taken from Mount Roraima). Initial reliability has proved excellent.
Series 200, offers many more features and enhancements than its predecessor is not limited to cosmetic changes made to body and interior, including:
- Intelligent Entry - The sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to touch the door handle to open it.
- Smart Start - Start/Stop push button for ignition; key is not required.
- 4-zone climate control on the Sahara model, with exit ventilation increased from 18 to 28
- 10 airbags (VX & amp; Sahara)
- Frames are stronger and lighter
Various driver assistance technologies are not offered in previous models, including:
- CRAWL, a four-wheel drive control system that operates like off-road shipping controls, automatically maintains a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle
- Help Decrease Control
- Multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)
- Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), enabling greater wheel articulation
- Optional rear view camera (VX)
- Leather seats are available in the full (VX) option
Engine and transmission improvements include:
- New optional V8 diesel engine, Toyota VD engine (twin-turbo version of the engine used in the Series 70 since 2007).
- Automatic transmission standards at all Lis levels of the Series 200, five-speed manual transmission is offered only with the GX 4.0 L model (in selected regions). The five-speed automatic gearbox is supplied to the 4.7 L petrol model, while the 4.5 L diesel model receives six automatic accelerations.
In Japan, the Land Cruiser underwent minor changes in 2009 when it received a 4.6 L V8 1UR-FE engine and the gearbox was replaced with a 6-speed automatic. Although the new 4608 cc 1UR-FE is smaller than the old 2xZ-FE 4663 cc engine, the power has been increased from 212 to 234 kW (288 to 318 PS; 284 to 314 hp), increased torque from 448 to 460 N? m (330 to 339 Ã, Â £ lb) and fuel consumption increased from 6.6 to 7.1 km/L (19 to 20 mpg -imp ; 16 to 17 mpg US ) (Japanese 10 Ã, Â · 15 measurement modes).
In the Middle East, the Land Cruiser 200 series was introduced at the end of 2007 as a 2008 model, for 2008 to 2010 there are three engine options, 179Ã, kW (240Ã, hp) 4.0L 1GR-FE gasoline, 202Ã, kW (271Ã, hp) 2UZ - FE gasoline and 162-173Ã,  ° K (217-232Ã, hp) 1VD-FTV 4.5Ã, L turbo diesel. Starting in 2011, 270rb (362 hp) 3UR-FE is offered along with the previous machine. For 2012, 1GR-FE acquires dual VVT-i power boost up to 202 kW (271 hp), 4.7 L 2 UZ-FE down support for new 227W (304Ã, hp) 4.6 L 1UR-FE, and diesel 5.7à , L and 4.5Ã, L are unchanged, although the latter is dropped in some markets.
In North America, the Land Cruiser 200 series is offered with a single trim level and engine, a 5.7Ã ¢ Â € Â ™ petrol engine, L 3UR-FE V8 that produces 284 kW (386 PS, 381 hp) and 544 N m (401 lb F Ft) of torque channeled through six automatic accelerations. Towing is rated at 3,700 kg (8,200 pounds). Standard beige or black leather with 14 speakers of JBL sound system. The only option of the wheel is 18 in (460 mm) which allows many side walls so that the vehicle can be driven off-road without modification although a more aggressive footprint pattern is recommended for deep mud.
For the 2013 model year, Toyota added all previous optional safety and luxury options as a standard. Land Cruiser now gets start button start, HID headlamp with adjustable emission level, power moonroof, windshield wiper automatic rain blower, front heater and ventilation (hollow leather) and only heated rear seat, rear seat DVD entertainment system, bluetooth, rearview camera with parking sensors, navigation systems, HD radio, and Entune. Another new feature is the Multi-terrain Select system that helps control wheelpin and brake lockup to give you choices to choose from: Rock, Rock & amp; Dirt, Mogul, Loose Rock, and Mud & amp; Sand and in addition to the Multi-terrain Select system, a feature known as Adaptive Anti-lock braking system that adapts to road conditions such as mud or sand and efficiently uses ABS to reduce braking distances in all terrain types.
In Oceania, the Series 200 is offered in four trim levels: GX, GXL, VX, and Sahara.
In August 2015, Toyota launched the latest version, the face lifted from the J200 Land Cruiser in Japan, which was launched globally. The face lifted version includes an electronically controlled 8-speed automatic transmission (ECT-i) for the 5.7L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine while other engine options and transmissions remain unchanged. There are also updates on the front fascia, grill, headlights (with daytime running lights), rear taillights and bumpers.
Toyota dropped the Land Cruiser 200 series from the British product range with this face lift. Prior to the face lift, the UK market received a Land Cruiser with a 4.5 L 1VD-FTV V8 turbo diesel as the only engine option.
In China, the Land Cruiser 200 is produced from 2008 to 2016 by Toyota Motor FAW Sichuan. The 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 and 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 are available engine options - both paired to a 5-speed automatic gearbox. The rate of pruning is 4.0 GX-R, 4.0 VX, 4.7 VX, and 4.7 VX-R.
Maps Toyota Land Cruiser
Sales
Used by militant group
Due to its durability and reliability, the Land Cruiser, along with smaller Toyota Hilux, has become popular among militant groups in war-torn regions. US anti-terror officials asked Toyota how extremists of the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant apparently had a large number of Toyota Land Cruisers and Hiluxes. Mark Wallace, CEO of Counter-Extremism Project says, "Unfortunately, Toyota Land Cruiser and Hilux are effectively part of the ISIS brand."
References
Further reading
- Wohlfarth, Alexander (2012). The Land Cruiser Legend . Heel-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3868526592.
External links
- Toyota Land Cruiser 200 global site
- Toyota Land Cruiser Data Library
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments