Spokane ( Ã, ( listen ) spoh- KAN ) is a city in Washington state in the northwest of the United States. It is along the western Spokane River from the foot of Mount Rocky in east Washington, 92 miles (148 km) south of the Canadian-US border, 18 miles (30 km) from the Washington-Idaho border, and 228 miles (367 km) east of Seattle along Interstate 90.
Known as the birthplace of Father's Day, Spokane's official nickname is "The City of Lilac". A variety of pink, double, lilac flowers, 'Syringa Spokane' is named for the city. It is the centerpiece of Spokane County and the economic and cultural center of the Spokane Metropolitan Area, a joint statistical area of ​​Spokane-Coeur d'Alene, and Inland Northwest. The city, along with the rest of Inland Northwest, is served by Spokane International Airport, 5 miles (8 km) west of downtown Spokane. According to the 2010 Census, Spokane has a population of 208,916, making it the second largest city in Washington, and the 101st largest city in the United States.
The first humans to live in the area, the Spokane people (their names meaning "sun children" in Salishan), arrived between 13,000 and 8,000 years ago, live off the abundant game. David Thompson explored the area with westward expansion and the establishment of Spokane House of the North West in 1810. This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington. The completion of the North Pacific Railway in 1881 brought the settlers to the Spokane area. In the same year it was officially included as a city by the name of Spokane Falls. At the end of the 19th century, gold and silver were found in the Inland Northwest. The local economy relied on mining, timber, and agriculture until the 1980s. Spokane hosted the first eco-friendly World Fair at the Expo '74.
Many of the older Romanesque Revival-style buildings in the city center were designed by Kirtland architect Kelsey Cutter after the Great Fire of 1889. The city also has the Riverfront and Manito parks, the Northwest Museum of Art and Culture rooted in the Smithsonian, Davenport Hotel, and the Fox and Bing Crosby theaters.
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes is the center of the Roman Catholic Diocese in Spokane, and it is also the center of Washington's Spokane Washington Temple District. St. Anthony's Cathedral John the Evangelist represents the Anglican community. Gonzaga University was founded in 1887 by Jesuits, and the private Presbyterian Whitworth University was founded three years later and moved to northern Spokane in 1914
In sports, the Gonzaga Bulldogs college basketball team competes at Division I level. Professional and semi-professional sports teams include Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball and Spokane Chiefs in junior ice hockey. In 2010, Spokane's major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review , had a daily circulation of over 76,000.
Video Spokane, Washington
History
The first humans who lived in the Spokane region arrived between 13,000 and 8,000 years ago, and are a live hunter-gatherer community of abundant games. Spokane, after the name of the city (a name meaning "sun children" or "sun men" in Salishan), [a] is believed as their direct descendants, or descendants of the Great Plains. When asked by early white explorers, Spokanes said their ancestors came from "to the north". At the beginning of the 19th century, Northwest Fur Company sent two white feather explorers to the west of the Rocky Mountains to look for feathers. These were the first white men to meet Spokanes, who believed they were pure, and trapped the trappers in the Colville River valley for the winter.
Trading post
Geographer David Thompson, who works as head of the Columbia Department of North West Company, became the first European to explore the Inland Empire (now called Inland Northwest). Across what is now the Canadian-US border of British Columbia, Thompson wants to expand the North West Company further south to find feathers. After establishing the trading posts of Kullyspell House and Saleesh House in what is now Idaho and Montana, Thompson then attempted to expand further west. He sent two trappers, Jacques Raphael Finlay and Finan McDonald, to build a feather trade post on the Spokane River in Washington and trade with the local Indians. The post was founded in 1810, at the confluence of the Little Spokane and Spokane rivers, becoming the first significant settlement in Washington state. Known as the Spokane House, or simply "Spokane", it operated from 1810 to 1826. The operation was run by the British Northwest Company and then the Hudson Bay Company, and the post was the trade headquarters between Rocky and the Cascade mountains for 16 years. After the last business absorbed the North West Company in 1821, major operations in Spokane House eventually shifted northward to Fort Colville, reducing the significance of the post.
In 1836, Rev. Samuel Parker visited the area and reported that about 800 Native Americans live in Spokane Falls. A medical mission was founded by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman to serve the Cayuse Indians and climbers of the Oregon Trail in Walla Walla in the south. After Whitmans was assassinated by an Indian in 1847, Reverend Cushing Eells founded Whitman College in their memories, also founded the first church in Spokane.
In 1853, two years after the founding of the Washington Territory, the first governor, Isaac Stevens, made an early effort to make a pact with Chief Garry and Spokanes at Antoine Plantes' Ferry, not far from Millwood. After the last campaign of the Yakima Indian War, the Coeur d'Alene War of 1858 was brought to a close by the actions of Colonel George Wright, who won decisive victories against tribal confederations at engagements at the battle of Four Lakes and Spokane Plains. The cessation of hostilities opened an inter-mountain valley in the Pacific Northwest to a safe settlement by settlers.
American Settlement
The American-British Occupation with the Oregon State, effective since the 1818 Agreement, eventually led to the Oregon Boundary Dispute after a large wave of American settlers along the Oregon Trail. The first American settlers in Spokane's present place are J.J. Downing and S.R. Scranton, a cattle rancher crouched down and set up a claim in Spokane Falls in 1871. Together they built a small sawmill in a claim near the southern edge of the waterfall. James N. Glover and Jasper Matheney, Oregonians who passed through the area in 1873, recognized the value of the Spokane River and its fall for water power purposes. They realize the potential investment and buy claims 160 hectares (65 ha) and sawmills from Downing and Scranton for a total of $ 4,000. Glover and Matheney know that the North Pacific Railway Company has received a government charter to build a major lane on this northern route. Amid the many delays in construction and uncertainty over the completion of the railroad tracks and of course, Matheney sold his interest in claims to Glover. [b] Glover confidently holds his claim and becomes a successful Spokane business owner and mayor of both cities. He came to be known as the "Father of Spokane".
In 1880, Fort Spokane was founded by US Army troops under Lt. Col. Henry Clay Merriam 56 miles (90 km) northwest of Spokane, at the intersection of the Columbia and Spokane Rivers, to protect the construction of the North Pacific Railway and secure a place for US settlements. On June 30, 1881, the train reached the city, bringing the main European settlement into the area. The city was officially established with a population of about 1,000 residents on 29 November 1881. The discovery of gold, silver, and tin in 1883 in the Coeur d'Alene region of northern Idaho attracted gold seekers. The Inland Empire erupted with much mining from 1883 to 1892. Mining and smelting emerged as a major stimulus for Spokane. In the early days of the gold rush of 1883 in the nearby Coeur d'Alene mining district, Spokane became popular with gold seekers, offering cheap prices for everything "from horse to frying pan". This will keep this status for the next bustle in this region due to the status of the trading center and its accessibility to the railway infrastructure. [d] The growth of Spokane continued until August 4, 1889, when the fire, now known as The Great Fire (not to be confused with the Great Fire of 1910, which took place nearby), began just after 18:00, and destroyed the city center of the city. commercial district. Due to technical problems with the pumping station, there is no water pressure in the city when the fire starts. In a desperate attempt to kill the fire, firefighters began demolishing the building with dynamite. Finally the wind and fire subsided; 32 blocks downtown Spokane have been destroyed and one person killed. Despite this disaster, and partly because of that, Spokane suffered a building boom. The city center was rebuilt, and the city was reincorporated under the present name of "Spokane" in 1891. According to historian David H. Stratton, "the so-called" spokane " From the late 1890s until about 1912, the major construction busyness created a modern urban profile of office buildings, banks, department stores, hotels and other commercial institutions "that stretched from the Spokane River to the North Pacific railway location under the South Hill. But the rebuilding and construction of the city was far from smooth: between 1889 and 1896 alone, all six bridges over the Spokane River were destroyed by flooding before it was completed. In the 1890s it became the subject of migration by African-Americans from Roslyn, looking for work after the closure of the mines in the area. Two African-American churches, Calvary Baptist and Bethel African Methodist Episcopal, were founded in 1890. Just three years after the fire, in 1892, Great Great Railway James J. Hill arrived at the chosen location for the newly created Hill train rail the town of Hillyard (annexed by Spokane in 1924). Spokane became an important shipping and rail transport center for the Inland Empire, connecting mines in the Silver Valley with the farmland around Palouse region. The city's population swelled to 19,922 in 1890, and became 36,848 in 1900 with the arrival of additional railroads. In 1910, the population had reached 104,000, and Spokane defeated Walla Walla as the commercial center of the Inland Empire. Later the city is known as the "capital" of the Imperial Empire and the heart of a vast tributary region. Upon arrival of the North Pacific route, Union Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and the Pacific, Spokane became one of the most important rail centers in the western US. The beginning of the 20th century
The expansion suddenly ceased in the 1910s and was followed by a period of population decline, largely due to the slowing down of the Spokane economy. Regional mine and resource controls are becoming increasingly dominated by national companies over local people and organizations, diverting capital outside of Spokane and reducing growth and investment opportunities in the city. During this stagnation period, unrest occurred among the unemployed, who were victims by "work sharks," who charge a fee to enroll workers at logging camps. Work sharks and employment agencies are known to deceive traveling workers, sometimes paying bribes to periodically fire the entire work crew, resulting in recurring costs for themselves. Crime soared in the 1890s and 1900s, with the eruption of violent activities involving trade unions like the World Industrial Workers (IWW), or "Wobblies" because they were often known, whose free fight had begun to garner national attention. Now, with complaints about the unethical practices of employment agencies, they initiated a free speech fight in September 1908 deliberately violating city rules on soap boxes. With IWW support, union members from many western states come to Spokane to take part in what has become a publicity stunt. Many Wobblies were locked up, including the leader of feminist worker Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, who issued her account at the local Industrial Workers.
After mining declined at the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and logging became a major influence in the Spokane economy. The population explosion and the construction of homes, railroads, and mines in northern Idaho and southern British Columbia pushed the logging industry. Though overshadowed by the vast wooden area in the western coastal area of ​​Cascades, and burdened with monopolistic rail freight rates and tough competition, Spokane is a leading leader in the manufacture of doors, window belts, curtains, and other planing plant products.. Railway freight rates are much higher in Spokane than rates in coastal port cities such as Seattle and Portland, so much so that Minneapolis merchants can ship items first to Seattle and then return to Spokane for less than direct delivery to Spokane, though railroad lines ran through Spokane on the way to the beach. [f] The Inland Northwest region has also long been associated with agriculture, especially wheat production. Initially, Palouse was deemed unsuitable for wheat production due to hilly terrain, believing wheat could not be cultivated at the top of the hills, but the area showed great promise for wheat production when it started in the late 1850s partly due to the hilltop. The Palouse is and is still a granary and able to develop and grow with the completion of several rail networks as well as a highway system that began to center around the city of Spokane, helping farmers from across the region in distributing their products to the market. Imperial Empire Empire exported wheat, cattle and other agricultural products to ports such as New York, Liverpool, and Tokyo. The local spirit was affected for years by the collapse of the Road Division Bridge in the morning on December 15, 1915, which killed five people and injured more than 20 people, but a new bridge was built (eventually replaced in 1994). The 1920 census shows a net increase of only 35 people, which in fact shows that thousands of people leave town when considering the natural rate of growth of a population. Growth in the 1920s and 1930s remained slow but less drastic, forcing urban drivers to market the city as a quiet and comfortable place suitable to raise a family rather than a dynamic community full of opportunities. The Inland Empire relies heavily on natural resources and extractive goods generated from mines, forests, and agriculture, which are dwindling demand. The situation slightly improved with the start of World War II when aluminum production began in Spokane due to cheap electricity in the area (generated from regional dams) and increased demand for aircraft.
Second half of the 20th century
After decades of stagnation and slow growth, Spokane entrepreneurs formed Spokane Unlimited in the early 1960s, an organization seeking to revitalize downtown Spokane. The recreational parks that showcased Spokane Waterfall are the preferred choice, and after successful negotiations to relocate the railway facility on Havermale Island, they execute a proposal to host the first World-themed Exposition on Expo '74 on May 4th, becoming the smallest city. at the time to organize the World Exhibition. The event transformed downtown Spokane, eliminating railroad infrastructure and recreating urban core. After Expo '74, the exhibition grounds became a 100 hectare (100 hectare) Riverside Bank.
Growth in the late 1970s and early 1980s was disrupted by another US recession in 1981, where silver, timber, and agriculture prices declined. The period of decline for this city lasted until the 1990s and was also marked by the loss of much stable family-wage employment in the manufacturing sector. Although this was a difficult period, the Spokane economy began to benefit from several measures of economic diversification; emerging companies such as Key Tronic and other research, marketing, and assembly plants for technology companies help reduce Spokane's dependence on natural resources.
21st century
In 2014, Spokane is still trying to make the transition to a more service-oriented economy in the face of a less prominent manufacturing sector. Developing the city's strengths in medical and healthcare has seen some success, resulting in the expansion of the University District with two branches of medical school. The city faces challenges such as the scarcity of high-paying jobs, pockets of poverty, and high crime areas.
The opening of the River Park Square Mall in 1999 serves as a catalyst and sparks a rebirth of the city center that includes the construction of the Spokane Arena and the expansion of the Spokane Convention Center. Other major projects include the construction of the Big Easy concert hall (now the Knitting Factory) and the renovation of the historic Hotel Montvale, the Davenport Hotel designed by Kirtland Cutter (after more than 20 years), Fox Theater (now home to Spokane Symphony) and the completion of WSU Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Building in 2013 and Davenport Grand Hotel in 2015, Ridpath Hotel in 2018 and ongoing renovations from Riverfront Park (in March 2018). The construction of Kendall Yards on the western side of downtown Spokane is one of the largest construction projects in the city's history. Just across the Spokane River from the city center, this hotel will combine residential and retail spaces with a plaza and pedestrian walkway.
Maps Spokane, Washington
Geography
Topography
Spokane is located on the Spokane River in eastern Washington at 1,843 feet (562 m) above sea level, about 18 miles (29 km) from Idaho, 92 miles (148 km) south of the Canadian-US border, 228 miles (367 km) east from Seattle, and 279 miles (449 km) southwest of Calgary. The lowest altitude in the city of Spokane is the northernmost point of the Spokane River within the city limits (at Riverside State Park) at 1,608 feet (490 m); the highest altitude is on the northeast side, near the Hillyard community (though closer to Beacon Hill and North Hill Reservoir) at 2,591 feet (790 m). Spokane is part of the Inland Northwest region, which comprises eastern Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, and northeastern Oregon. The city has a total area of ​​60.02 square miles (155.45 km 2 ), of which 59.25 square miles (153.46 km 2 ) is ground and 0, 77 square miles (1.99 Ã, km 2 ) is water.
Spokane is located in the northern Rockies ecoregion near the eastern edge of the basalt basalt Channeled Scablands, a plateau that eventually rises sharply eastward to the rocky Rocky Mount hills, the Selkirk Mountains Mountains. This is in the transition area between the barren landscape of the Columbia Basin and the conifer forest in the east; in the south is the lush meadows and Palouse hills. The highest peak in Spokane County is Mount Spokane, at an altitude of 5,883 feet (1,793 m), on the eastern side of the Selkirk Mountains. The Spokane River is the most prominent water feature in the region, a 111 miles (179 km) Columbia River, from Lake Coeur d'Alene in northern Idaho. The river flows west across the Washington state line through downtown Spokane, met with Latah Creek, then turned northwest, where it joins the Little Spokane River on its way to the Columbia River, north of Davenport. The Scablands of the Canal and many of the region's great lakes, such as Lake Coeur d'Alene and Lake Pend Oreille, were formed by Missoula Floods after the ice-broken Ice Nostalgia Cracked at the end of the last ice age. Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in southern Cheney is a nearby nature reserve, nearby National Forest is Colville National Forest, the nearest National Recreation Area is Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area and the nearest national park is Mount Rainier National Park, about four and a half hours drive from Spokane.
Flora and fauna
Spokane is in the Northern Rockies/Canadian ekoregion, which supports an abundance of wildlife in part due to its varied geology and natural history. This area contains a variety of vegetation, from dense conifer forests to grassy hills and grasslands. Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir are common in the drier and lower elevation areas throughout the region. The ponderosa pin is the official tree of the City of Spokane, in which the specimen was first collected by botanist David Douglas in 1826. [g]
Ecoregion Canadian Rocky Mountains support 70 mammals, 16 reptiles and amphibians, 168 birds, and 41 species of fish. There is a high concentration of fragile birds in the area, bald eagles are a common sight near Lake Coeur d'Alene in December and January when kokanee spawn. The most common fish present in the lake area is the Washington rainbow heron, which is the official fish of Washington state. The big games that are common in east Washington include black and grizzly bears, caribou, Rocky Mountain deer, bighorn sheep, and cougar. Deer whitetail, mule deer, and deer are also found in abundance. The gray wolf population has made a recovery in Inland Northwest. As of June 2016, there are 16 packets of wolves in eastern Washington. In August 2016, photographic evidence confirmed a solitary wolf in Mount Spokane State Park.
Although ecoregion remains ecologically intact, it faces conservation challenges that include the negative impacts of forest management and certain logging practices, higher risk of forest fires due to changes in trees that make up forest composition, and habitat fragmentation as a result of urban sprawl and development, which jeopardize the long-term survival of vulnerable species such as Caribou Mountain and North Goshawk.
Climate
Spokane has a dry summer continental climate ( Dsb beneath the KÃÆ'¶ppen classification), a rare climate due to its altitude and significant winter rainfall; Spokane, however, is adjacent to and sometimes even classified as a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csb ) because the average temperature for the coldest month is just over 26.6 Â ° F (-3 Â ° C).
This area usually has a hot and dry climate during the summer months, locked by a short spring and fall. On average, July and August are equally warm, and the coolest month is December; July averages 69.5 Â ° F (20.8 Â ° C), while December averages 27.5 Â ° F (-2.5 Â ° C).
The Spokane location, between the Cascades Mountains to the west and the Rocky Mountains in the east and north, protects it from weather patterns experienced in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The Cascade Mountains form an eastward barrier of moist and relatively mild air from the Pacific Ocean in winter and cool air in summer. As a result of the raindrop effect of the Cascades, the Spokane area has an average average rainfall of 16.5 inches (420 mm), less than half of the 37 inches of Seattle (940 mm). Almost all precipitation occurs in December, and summer is the driest time of the year. The Rockies protect Spokane from some of the coldest winter mass that travels south across Canada.
Government and politics
The city of Spokane operates under the form of governance of the mayor's council, with its executive and legislative branches. In 2011, David Condon was elected mayor as a non-partisan candidate, taking office on the last business day of the year. The previous mayor was Mary Verner, who replaced James "Jim" West who was summoned. The city chose James Everett Chase as its first African-American mayor in 1981, and after retirement, was elected as the city's first female mayor, Vicki McNeil. Spokane is the county district of Spokane County, a position that was seized from Cheney in 1886.
Democrat Jay Inslee was elected governor of Washington state in 2012. In general, Spokane is in the fifth congress district, and has been represented in the House of Representatives by Republican Cathy McMorris Rodgers since 2004. The State of Washington is nationally represented in the Senate by Democrat Patty Murray and Democrat Maria Cantwell. In 2012 elections, Spokane County favored Mitt Romney for President Barack Obama with 51.5 to 45.7 percent; on state voting, the region supports the legalization of the recreational marijuana sound size of 52.2 to 47.9 percent and opposes the legalization of same-sex marriage of 44.1 to 55.9 percent. Original Spokane Tom Foley is a Democratic Chairman of the House and served as Washington's 5th district representative for 30 years, enjoying great support from Spokane, until his minor defeat in the 1994 "Republican Revolution", the only time a US voter has turned out to be the Speaker of the House since 1860.
Crime
The crime rate per 1,000 people in the Spokane (Spokane County) metropolitan area is 64.8 in 2012, higher than the Washington state average of 38.3; the violent crime rate of 3.8 and the property crime rate 61 also exceeds the statewide average of 2.5 and 35.8 respectively. Spokane's crime rate is also higher for violent crime and property than in 98% of US communities.
The data show most of the reported crimes in the city tend to be around the downtown city center and beyond. Half of all property crimes are localized in about 6.5 percent of the city. An individual in Spokane has one of the fourteen chances of becoming a victim of theft, theft, theft of a motor vehicle, or arson. Spokane has the fourth highest auto theft rate in the US in 2010 and 2011, according to the National Insurance Crime Bureau. Shootings and drug use, especially the use of cocaine, became worse in the early 1990s, and four shootings of drives were recorded in December 1993 alone. In the 1990s, the Spokane Police Department established a special gang unit, with an officer "gathering information about gang activity and spreading it to street officers". The 1990s also saw the most prolific Spokane serial killer, Robert Lee Yates, who killed 13 prostitutes in the East Sprague red light district in Spokane and confessed to two others in Tacoma, Washington. The transition from the Spokane Police Department to a community policing police model has helped to withstand the crime rate since its introduction center, and has been extended throughout the city. The crime woes may be in part due to the imbalances imprisoned in Spokane County prison from pre-release detention and employment release; Investigations by the Tacoma News Tribune found that while Spokane County accounts for 6.21 percent of inmates in state prisons, it receives 16.73 percent of prison population disproportionate to be released into the general population.
Spokane and Spokane Police Department (SPD) have received national publicity and surveillance in the 2000s and 2010s due to multiple shootings involving officers and excessive force accusations. The most prominent of these incidents was the death of Otto Zehm in 2006, a man who suffered a mental disorder that was initially suspected of committing a burglary in a department store. Zehm was later found not to commit a crime, but was hit with clubs by several officers and dragged away. The increased pressure on the SPD encourages independent reviews by the organization's policy commission on organizational strength, internal cultural audit, and the purchase of body cameras.
Demographics
According to the American Community Survey, the median income for households in Spokane in 2012 is $ 42,274, and the average income for families is $ 50,268. Men have an average income of $ 42,693 and women have an average income of $ 34,795. The per capita income for the city is $ 24,034. Approximately 13.3% of families and 18.7% of the population are below the poverty line, including 23.8% of those under the age of 18 and 10.8% of those aged 65 years or older.
In the 2010 census, there were 208,916 people, 87,271 households, and 49,204 families living in the city. Population density is 3,526.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,361.4/km 2 ). There are 94,291 housing units with an average density of 1,591.4 per square mile (614.4/km 2 ). City's racial makeup is 84.00% White, 5.4% Hispanic and Latin, 3.80% biracial, 2.50% Asian, 2.20% African American, 1.80% Native American, 0.60% Islands Pacific, and 0.10% of other races.
There are 87,271 households, 28.9% of whom have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% are married couples living together, 12.9% have married women without husband, 5.0% have a housewife without wife's presence, and 43.6% is not a family. In 2010, 34.2% of all households were individuals, and 11% had a self-sufficient 65 or more. The average household size is 2.31 and the average family size is 2.97.
The average age in the city is 35 years. In Spokane, 22.4% of the population is under 18 years old, 12.3% are between 18 and 24 years old, 27.6% are between 25 to 44 years old, 25.1% are 45 to 64 years old, and 12.8 % 65 years of age or older. The city's gender composition is 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
According to the membership report of the Metro Membership Data Association 2010, MSA Spokane denominational membership is 64,277 Evangelical Protestants, 682 Black Protestants, 24,826 Mainstream Protestants, 754 Orthodoxes, 66,202 Catholics, 31,674 Others, and 339,338 Ã, Unclaimed. In 2016, there are also at least three Jewish congregations.
The Emanu-El assembly established the first synagogue in Spokane and the state of Washington on September 14, 1892. The city's first mosque was opened in 2009 as the Spokane Islamic Center. Spokane, like Washington and the Northwest Pacific region as a whole, is part of the Belt Unchurched, a region characterized by low church membership levels and religious participation. The city serves as the center of the Roman Catholic Diocese in Spokane, founded in 1913, and the Washington Temple District of Spokane Washington.
Spokane has been criticized and sometimes ridiculed for its lack of diversity and multicultural offerings, but the city has become more diverse in recent decades. People from countries in the former Soviet Union (mainly Russia and Ukraine) formed relatively large demographics in Spokane and Spokane County, the result of a large wave of immigrants and their families after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. According to the 2000 Census, the number of people of Russian or Ukrainian ancestors in Spokane County are reported to be 7,700 (4,900 in Spokane), two percent of the county. Among the fastest-growing demographics in Spokane are the Pacific Island ethnic group, which is thought to be the third largest minority group in the county, after the Russian and Ukrainian communities and Latinos. Spokane was once home to a large Asian community, mostly Japanese, centered in a district called Chinatown from the early towns until 1974. Like in many western railway cities, the Asian community began as a labor camp for migrant workers who working on the railway line. The Asian Chinatown community grew rapidly until the 1940s, after which the population declined and became integrated and dispersed, losing its Asian character; urban blight and preparations ahead of Expo '74 led to the eventual demolition in Chinatown.
Spokane and its metronya region in general, notably northern Idaho have been labeled the center of popular awareness by a number of hate groups that have been established in and around Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in the past. The low ethnic diversity makes this area a destination for some people trying to escape from cosmopolitan cities for a location with a relatively homogeneous white population. This trend increased with the arrival of retired engineer Richard Butler from California who traveled to Hayden, Idaho, in 1974 to finally establish a white supremacist church called the Christian Church of Jesus Christ, better known by his political arm, the Aryan Nation. Aryan members and associates of Aryan were responsible for several hate crimes and terror plots during the mid-1980s and 1990s. The group died in 2000 when the South Poverty Law Center filed a civil suit that resulted in a 6.3 million dollar settlement, eventually resulting in the bankruptcy and closure of their Hayden compound. Another significant hate action is the attempted bombing of Martin Luther King Day Parade by Kevin Harpham of Addy, Washington in 2011. The Southern Poverty Law Center currently lists three hate groups in the Spokane and Coeur d'Alene metro areas, in the anti-Muslim category , Holocaust denial, and general hatred.
Metropolitan Region
The Spokane metropolitan area consists of Spokane County. In the census estimate of 2013, the Spokane metropolitan area has a population of 535,724. Just east of Spokane County is the Metropolitan Area of ​​Coeur d'Alene, which consists of Kootenai County, Idaho, which is moored by the town of Coeur d'Alene. The urban areas of two MSAs mostly follow the Interstate 90 line between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene. The Spokane region has suffered from suburbanization and urban sprawl in recent decades, although Washington uses urban growth limits; the city has a low rank among the big cities in the Northwest with population density and smart growth. The Spokane and Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) are now included in one Regional Combined Statistics (CSA) by the Office of Management and Budget. Spokane-Coeur d'Alene CSA has approximately 698,170 residents by 2015.
Cityscape
Nearby Areas
The Spokane neighborhood ranges from South Hill to Victorian style and the addition of Browne, to Davenport Downtown, to a more contemporary neighborhood north of Spokane. The Spokane neighborhood gets attention to their history, as illustrated by the city that houses the 18 National Registered Historical Lists.
Some of Spokane's most famous neighborhoods are Riverside, Browne's Addition, and Hillyard. The Riverside area consists mainly of downtown Spokane and is the central business district of Spokane. The southern neighborhood of downtown Spokane is collectively known as South Hill. Downtown Spokane contains many of the city's public facilities, including City Hall, Riverfront Park (Expo site74), and Spokane Convention Center and INB Performing Arts Center, as well as Spokane Arena and Spokane County Courthouse across the river in the historic Central Central neighborhood. Monroe Street Bridge, the city icon, connects the two areas. To the east of the city center are the Eastern Central and the adjacent University District and the "International District" shoots. To the west of the city center is one of the oldest and densest areas in Spokane, Browne Addition.
A National Historic District west of the City Center, Addition Browne is Spokane's first prestigious address, renowned for its long line of old mansion built by Spokane's early elite in the style of Queen Anne and early American craftsmen. This area has Museum of Southwest Arts and Culture. In northeastern Spokane, the Hillyard neighborhood began in 1892 as the preferred location for Great Northern Railway yard James J. Hill, stationed outside the city limits of Spokane to avoid "aggravating tax". Hillyard Business District Center, located on Market Street, is the first Spokane neighborhood listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Many former town houses were built to accommodate railroad workers, especially immigrant workers working in the local yard, who gave Hillyard an independent blue-collar character. Hillyard has been home to many of the Russian, Ukrainian, and Southeast Asian communities that grew up in Spokane.
Architecture
Commercial and public buildings
The Spokane neighborhood contains a patchwork of architectural styles that gives them a different identity and describes the changes throughout the city's history. Most of Spokane's famous landmarks and landmarks are in the Riverside neighborhood and the downtown commercial district, where many buildings were rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1889 in the Romanesque Revival style. Examples include the Great North clock tower, the Review Building, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes, First Congregation Church, Washington Water Power Post Street, Peyton Building, and The Carlyle.
The main architect of many buildings of this period is Kirtland Kelsey Cutter. Self-taught, he came to Spokane in 1886, and began by designing "Chalet Hohenstein" for himself and other residences for his family, while also working as a bank teller. Other structures designed by Cutter include Spokane Club, Washington Water Power Substation, Monroe Street Bridge (featured in city seal), Central Steam Plant, and Davenport Hotel. Built in Renaissance style and Revival Spain, Davenport Hotel cost two million dollars, and included new technology at its opening in September 1914, such as cold water, elevators and air conditioning.
Today, one of the city's leading and influential architects is Warren C. Heylman, who helped give the city a vast medieval architecture. Heylman's most productive career during the 1960s and 1970s where his main body worked in a modernist style, designing many dwellings, apartment buildings, and architectural decorations. Some of his most important works in Spokane include The Parkade, Spokane International Airport, Spokane Regional Health Building, and Burlington Northern Latah Creek Bridge over Hangman Valley.
Other architectural styles represented in the city center include Art Deco (Spokane City Hall, Paulsen Center, Fox Theater, City Ramp Garage), Renaissance Renaissance (Steam Plant Square, Thomas S. Foley Courthouse, San Marco), Neoclassic (Masonic Center, Hutton Building, Bing Crosby Theater), Chicago School (US Bank Building, Liberty Building, Old Town Hall) and Modernis (Parkade, Ridpath Hotel, Bank of America Financial Center). The tallest building in town, at 288 feet (88 m), is the Bank of America Financial Center. Also of note is the Spokane County Courthouse in West Central (building on seal Spokane County), St. John Evangelist at Rockwood, Bottle of Benevah Milk at Riverside and Garland, Mount Saint Michael on Hillyard, and Dutch Dutch Windmill Store in South Perry.
Shelter
As Spokane's prosperous early neighborhoods, neighborhoods and dwellings Browne Heritage contains the largest variety of residential architecture in the city. This residence is luxurious and personal, featuring many of the most popular and trendy architectural styles in the Pacific Northwest from the late 19th century to 1930, such as Victorian and Queen Anne styles. In high demand following his company's design at the Idaho Building at the Chicago World Expo in 1893, Cutter found the work of building many luxury homes for mining and railroad tycoons such as Patrick "Patsy" Clark and Daniel and Austin Corbin.
Older neighborhoods from the early 20th century, such as West Central, East Central, Logan, Hillyard, and many of the lower South Hills, showcase the enormous concentrations of American Craftsman-style bungalows. At Hillyard, the most architectural neighborhood in Spokane, 85 percent of the building is historic. As the city grew mainly northward in the mid-20th century, bungalows in the traditional "minimalist" style common from the 1930s through the 1950s tended to dominate in the Northwest, North Hill and Bemiss regions. This architectural style occupies an environment where the integrity of the Spokane road network pattern remains largely intact (especially the northern area of ​​the city center and south of Francis Ave.), and the houses have backyard passageways for carports, shipping, and refuse collection. The contemporary suburbs and architecture are prevalent at the northern and southern end of Spokane as well as in the new Kendall Yards neighborhood just north of downtown.
Parks and recreation
In 1907, the Spokane park commissioner board retained the services of the Olmsted Brothers to devise a plan for the Spokane park. Most of the Spokane park area was acquired by the city before World War I, building it from the beginning as a leader among Western cities in the development of the city park system. Spokane has a system of over 87 parks covering 4,100 hectares (17 km 2 ) and includes six environmental aquatic centers. Some of Spokane's most famous parks include the Riverfront Park, Manito Park and Botanical Gardens, Riverside State Park, Spokane Mountain Country Park, Saint Michael's Mission State Park, John A. Finch Arboretum and the Conservatory Hill Reserve.
Riverfront Park, created after Expo '74 and occupying the same site, is 100 acres (40 ha) in downtown Spokane and the site of some of Spokane's biggest shows. The park has spectacular views of Spokane Falls and has a number of civilian attractions, including skyride, a rebuilt gondola lift that takes visitors across waterfalls from a height above the river gorge. The park also includes the historic Riverfront Park Looff carousel made with hand carvings made in 1909 by Charles I. D. Looff. Riverfront Park is currently being renovated and modernized (as of October 2016). Manito Park and Botanical Gardens in Spokane South Hill feature Duncan Gardens, a classic European-style garden and Nishinomiya Japanese Garden designed by Nagao Sakurai. Riverside State Park, close to downtown, is a site for outdoor activities like hiking, mountain biking and horseback riding.
The Spokane area has many lines and rail lines, the most famous of which is the Centennial Spokane River Line, which has over 37.5 miles (60.4 km) of unpaved roads that run along the Spokane River from Spokane to the Idaho border. This trail continues to Coeur d'Alene as far as 24 miles (39 km) as the North Idaho Centennial Trail and is often used for alternative transportation and recreation. In the summer, it has long been popular to visit the "Lake Country" of North Idaho, such as Lake Coeur d'Alene, Pend Oreille Lake, Lake Priest, or one of the waters and other nearby beaches. In winter, the public has access to five ski resorts within a few hours of the city. The closest of these is Mt. Spokane Ski and Snowboard Park, which features trails for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobile and dog sled.
Economy
Spokane became an important rail and shipping center because of its location between mining and agricultural areas. In the early 1880s, gold and silver were found in the Inland Empire; as a regional shipping center, it provides supplies to miners passing on their way to the mineral-rich district of Coeur d'Alene, Colville and Kootenay. The mining district is still considered the most productive in North America.
Natural resources have historically been the economic foundation of Spokane, with mining, logging, and agricultural industries providing much economic activity in the region. After mining declined at the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and logging replaced mining as a major influence in the economy. Lumberjacks and millmen working in hundreds of factories along railroads, rivers, and lakes north of Washington and Idaho are preparing themselves in Spokane. Agriculture has always been an important sector in the local economy. The surrounding area, especially in the south is Palouse, a region that has long been associated with agriculture, especially wheat production where it is one of the largest wheat producing areas in the United States. Like the mining industry in the late 1880s, Spokane was an important agricultural market and trading center. Imperial Empire Empire exported wheat, cattle and other agricultural products to ports such as New York, Liverpool, and Tokyo. Currently, most of the wheat produced in the region is delivered to the Far East market. Inland Northwest also supports many vineyards and micro factories as well. At the beginning of the 20th century Spokane was primarily a commercial center rather than an industrial center.
In Spokane, wood and food processing, printing and publishing, refining and fabrication of primary metals, electrical and computer equipment, and transportation equipment are leaders in the manufacturing sector. Gold mining companies, Gold Reserve, and Fortune 1000 companies, Potlatch Corporation - a forest products company that operates as a trustworthy real estate investment - are based in the right city. Mining, forestry and agribusiness remain important to local and regional economies, but Spokane's economy has diversified to include other industries, including high-tech and biotechnology sectors. Spokane became a more service-oriented economy in the less prominent manufacturing sector that declined in the 1980s, primarily as a medical and biotechnology center; Fortune 1000 technology company, Itron, for example, is headquartered in the area. Avista Corporation, the parent company of Avista Utilities, is the only Fortune 500 listed company in Fortune 500, ranked 299 on the list in 2002. Other companies with Spokane headquarters include Key Tronic technology company, vacation rental provider Stay Alfred, and micro commuter car makers. Despite diversifying into new industries, the Spokane economy has struggled in the last few decades. Spokane is ranked # 1 "The Worst City For Work" in America in 2012 and 2015, while also ranking # 4 in 2014. In addition, Forbes calls Spokane the "Scam Capital of America" ​​in 2009 due to widespread business fraud. Fraud trends were recorded as far back as 1988, again in 2002, and continued into 2011.
In 2013, the top five companies in Spokane are the State of Washington, Spokane Public School, Throne Heart Health Center and Children's Hospital, 92d Air Wingspan, and Spokane County. The largest military and employer facility, 92d Air Filling Wing, is placed at the Fairchild Air Force Base near Airway Heights. Leading industries in Spokane for residents employed 16 years and older are education, health care and social assistance (26.5 percent), retail trade (12.7 percent), and art, entertainment, recreation and accommodation food services (10.4 Ã, percent). As a metropolitan center in the Inland Northwest, as well as southern parts of British Columbia and Alberta, Spokane serves as a commercial, manufacturing, transportation, medical, shopping and entertainment center. In 2010, Spokane-Spokane Valley MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $ 19.48 billion.
In 2014, economic development in the Spokane region primarily focuses on promoting the following industries: manufacturing (especially aerospace manufacturing), health sciences, professional services, information and technology science, finance and insurance as well as clean technology, and digital media. To help economic development, eastern branch of Innovate Washington, state-backed business incubator is deployed in the city.
Culture
Arts and theater
Spokane's main art district is located in Davenport Art District, Garland Business District, and East Sprague. The First Friday Artwalk, which takes place on the first Friday of every month, is dedicated to local vendors and artists featuring art around the city center. The two most important Artwalk dates (first Friday of February and October) attract many visitors to the art district. The Davenport Arts District has the largest concentration of art galleries and is home to many of Spokane's premier performing arts venues, including Knitting Factory, Fox Theater, and Bing Crosby Theater. The Knitting Factory is a concert hall that serves as a backdrop for many mainstream musicians and action tours. The Martin Woldson Theater in Fox, returned to the original 1931 Art Deco state after years of abandonment, is home to the Spokane Symphony Orchestra. The Metropolitan Performing Arts Center was restored in 1988 and renamed the Bing Crosby Theater in 2006 to honor the former Spokanite. Touring stand-up comedians organized by Spokane Comedy Club. The theater is provided by the only professional company resident Spokane, The Modern Theater, though there is also Spokane Civic Theater and several other amateur community theaters and small groups. INB Performing Arts Center is often the host for large traveling exhibitions, shows and tours. Spokane was awarded the All-America City Award by the National Civic League in 1974, 2004, and 2015.
Spokane offers a variety of musical performances that serve a variety of interests. Spokane's local music stream, however, is considered somewhat less by the Spokane All-Ages Music Initiative and other critics, who have identified the need for legitimate all-age venues for musical performances. The Spokane Symphony presents full-fledged classical music, and Spokane Jazz Orchestra, a season full of jazz. The Spokane Jazz Orchestra, formed in 1962, is a 70-part orchestra and non-profit organization.
Museum
There are several museums in the city, especially the Museum of Western Art and Culture, located a few blocks from the city center at Addition Browne, in the midst of the 19th century "Age of Elegance" Spokane. As a Smithsonian affiliated museum, it houses a large collection of Native American artifacts as well as regional and national travel art exhibitions.
The Mobius Science Center and the Mobius Kid's Museum in downtown Spokane seek to attract interest in science, technology, engineering, and math among youth in direct experience. The Jundt Art Museum at Gonzaga University has an exhibit space of 2,800 square feet (260 m) with a large collection of prints from the collections of Bolker, Baruch, Jacobs and Corita Kent. The museum houses Dale Chihuly's glass artwork, bronze sculptures by Auguste Rodin, rugs, paintings, ceramics, photographs and gifts, including the Iris Foundation and Gerald Cantor's Collection and Collections. On the campus of Gonzaga University, Crosby House, the childhood home of Bing Crosby, there is Bing Crosby Memorabilia Room, Crosby's largest collection in the world with about 200 pieces.
Events and events
Spokane is known as the birthplace of a national movement initiated by Sonora Smart Dodd that leads to the proposal and the establishment of Father's Day as a national holiday in the US The first observation of Father's Day in Spokane was on June 19, 1910. Sonora conceived an idea in the Spokane Central Methodist Episcopal Church, while listening to the Mother's Day sermon.
The Lilac Bloomsday Run, held in the spring on the first Sunday of May, is a 7.46 mile (12.01 km) race for competitive runners as well as pedestrians attracting international competition. Also in May is the Lilac Festival that respects the military, celebrates youth, and displays the region. Spokane's nickname, "Lilac City", refers to the flowering shrub that has evolved since it was introduced to the area in the early 20th century. In June the host city of Spokane Hoopfest, a 3-to-3 basketball tournament, is among the largest of its kind. One of Spokane's most popular local shows is Pig Out in the Park, an annual six-day food and entertainment festival where participants can enjoy a variety of food and listen to free live music concerts featuring local, regional, and national recording artists at Riverfront Park.
The Spokane International Film Festival, held every February, is a small festival, a jury featuring documentaries and shorts from around the world. The Spokane Gay & amp; The Lesbian Film Festival, held every November, features contemporary independent films that appeal to the GLBT community.
Other important events in Spokane include Spokane Interstate Fair, Lilac City Comicon, Japan Week, and Spokane Pride Parade. Spokane Interstate Fair is held annually in September at the Spokane Fair and Expo Center. Japan Week is held in April and celebrates sister-city relationship with Nishinomiya, Hyogo, which demonstrates many similarities between the two cities. Students from the Spokane campus at Mukogawa Fort Wright Institute, Gonzaga, Whitworth, and other county schools held a series of Japanese cultural events. Spokane Pride gay and lesbian prays are held every June. There are also annual Renaissance exhibitions and Civil War displays.
Education
Serving the general educational needs of the local population are the two public library districts, the Spokane Public Library (within city limits) and the District Library District of Spokane. Founded in 1904 with funding from philanthropic Andrew Carnegie, the Spokane Public Library system consists of a downtown library overlooking Spokane Falls and five branch libraries. The special collection focuses on the history of Inland Pacific Northwest and includes reference books, periodicals, maps, photographs, and other archival material and government documents.
Spokane Public Schools (District 81) was organized in 1889, and is the largest public school system in Spokane, and the second largest in the state, by 2014, serving about 30,000 students in six secondary schools, six secondary schools, and thirty- four primary school. Other public school districts in the Spokane area include the Mead School District in northern Spokane County, just outside the city limits. Independent charter schools approved by state and private and parochial secondary and secondary schools add to the public school system. Roman Catholic diocese Spokane runs 11 such schools in Spokane.
Spokane is home to many higher education institutions. They include Gonzaga and Whitworth private universities, and the Community Colleges of Spokane system (Spokane Community College and Spokane Falls Community College) as well as various technical institutes. Gonzaga University and Law School was founded by Italian-born priest Joseph Cataldo and Jesuit in 1887. Whitworth was founded in Tacoma, Washington in 1890 and moved to its present location in 1914. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church and has 2,500 students. studying at 53 different undergraduate and degree programs in 2011. While Spokane is one of the major cities in the US that does not have the main campus of a state-backed university within the boundaries of its city, Eastern Washington University (EWU) and Washington State University (WSU) operates on the Riverpoint Campus in the University District, adjacent to the city center and across the Spokane River from the Gonzaga campus. Washington State University Spokane is a WSU health science campus and home-school College of Nursing, the College of Pharmacy, and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. The main EWU campus is located 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Spokane near Cheney, and the WSU is 65 miles (105 km) south in Pullman. In addition to WSU's health science presence in Spokane, there is also a four-year branch of medical school affiliated with the University of Washington WWAMI program. The international branch campus of Mukogawa Women's University, Mukogawa Fort Wright Institute, is located in Spokane.
Sports
Spokane is close to dozens of lakes and rivers for sport and outdoor recreation. People use this for swimming, boating, rafting, and fishing. Nearby mountains provide skiing, hiking, biking and sightseeing. Spokane professional and semi-professional sports teams include Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball and Spokane Chiefs in junior ice hockey. Spokane's college sports focus on local teams such as Gonzaga Bulldogs competing in the Division I West Coast Conference NCAA and Pirate Whitworth playing in the Third Division of the Northwest Conference as well as other regional teams, including Washington State Cougars, Eastern Washington Eagle, and Idaho Vandal.
The Spokane Indians are the Northwest League-A-League-Season baseball team (NWL) and have been farming teams from Texas Rangers since 2003. The Indians played their home game at Avista Stadium with 6,803 seats and won. seven NWL titles since their Short-Season-A debut in 1982. Prior to 1982, the Indians played at the Triple-A level. The team achieved great success in the early 1970s, won the Pacific Coast League championship in 1970, and had a 94-52 record. In the 1920s and 1930s, Spokane City League, the semi-professional baseball league of the Inland Empire team, peaked.
The Spokane Chiefs is a junior ice hockey team playing in the Western Hockey League Hockey League. They play their home games at Spokane Arena and have a regional rivalry with Tri-City America. They have won the CHL grand prize, Memorial Cup, twice in club history, first in 1991 and again in 2008.
Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena is the city's premier sports venue. In the years since the Spokane Arena opened, he has hosted several major sporting events. The first major event was the 1998 Memorial Cup, a championship game from the Canadian Hockey League. Four years later in 2002, the city hosted the 2002 Skate America skating competition and then the 2007 US Figure Skating Championships at Spokane Arena. The last event set a record of attendance, selling nearly 155,000 tickets. Spokane later hosted the US Figure Skating Championships - ending eighteen days before the start of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, and then the 2016 Challenge Cup Team.
Infrastructure
Transportation
City Street
Spokane roads use a road network oriented to the four directions of the wind; In general, the east-west road is defined as a road, and the north-south road is called a road. Major east-west highways in the city include Francis, Wellesley, Mission, Sprague, and 29th Avenues. Major north-south highways include Maple-Ash, Monroe, Division, Hamilton, Greene-Market (north I-90), and Ray-Freya (south I-90) Streets. The Road Division divides the city to East and West, while Sprague Avenue divides the city to North and South. Division Street is the main retail corridor of Spokane; Sprague Avenue serves the same purpose in the Spokane Valley. With over 40,000 vehicles per day in average daily traffic from Interstate 90 north to the US 2-US 395 intersection, the Northern Division is Spokane's busiest corridor.
Spokane has an average Running Score of 47.6, indicating most tasks require a car, and the Bike Score averages 48.6. The extensive skywalk system includes thirteen blocks downtown and is one of the largest in the United States; it is used for pedestrian travel in cold weather and bad weather as well as retail space as well.
Bulk transport
Prior to the entry of cars, the Spokane electric tram and the inter-city line played a dominant role in moving people and goods around Spokane. Streetcars were installed in early 1888, when they were pulled by horses. Many of the older streets in Spokane still have tram links embedded in them. The tram service was reduced due to the declining number of passengers beginning in 1922, and in August 1936, all lines had been abandoned or converted into motor buses. Mass transit throughout Spokane is provided by the Spokane Transit Authority (STA), which operates
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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