High-rise homes in Australia almost exclusively refer to the storied Victorian or Edwardian-style houses or replicas that are almost always found in older inner-city areas in major cities, especially Sydney and Melbourne. The storied housing was introduced to Australia in the 19th century. Their architectural work was based on them in London and Paris, which had a style one century earlier.
A large number of terraced houses were built on the outskirts of major Australian cities, especially Sydney and Melbourne, especially between the 1850s and 1890s. The beginning of this period coincided with a population explosion caused by the Victorian and New South Wales Gold Rushes in the 1850s and ended with an economic depression in the early 1890s. Separate housing became a popular residential style in Australia after the Federation in 1901.
With artificial urban boundaries, the construction of new home types - often nostalgic awakening old-style terraces in modern style - returns to local planning office assistance in many suburbs. The modern suburban version of this style of housing is referred to as the "town house". The terraced houses in Australian cities are highly sought after, and because of their proximity to the CBD of big cities they are often expensive, like the terrace in New York City.
Video Terraced houses in Australia
History and description
The storied housing in Australia ranges from expensive, middle-class homes consisting of three, four, and five floors to one cottage on the outskirts of the working-class city. The most commonly used building material is brick, often covered with stucco.
Many terraces are built in the style of "Filigree", distinguished through the heavy use of cast iron ornaments, on balconies and verandas, sometimes depicting native flora of Australia. Since many terraces are speculatively constructed, there are several examples of "free-standing" and "semi-detached" terraces meant to have adjacent terraces added.
In the first half of the 20th century, the terraced houses in Australia fell into irregularities and many were considered slums. In the 1950s, urban renewal programs often aimed to eradicate them completely, not infrequently for high-rise development. In the last few decades, there has been a resurgence of very strong interest in the terraced houses in the inner regions of the city, with many instances of gentrification.
Maps Terraced houses in Australia
Victoria
Melbourne
The flat field of Melbourne has produced a pattern of regular terraced houses. The wealth of gold rushes fueled the construction of speculative housing and also ensured that many of the terraces were built with intricate ornaments and intricate details in the typical Italian style, culminating in the 1880s with what is commonly referred to as the "boom" style.
Melbourne's common patio style can be distinguished from other regional variations. The majority of Victorian terrace designers in Melbourne make deliberate attempts to hide roofing elements with the use of decorative parapets, often combined with the use of balusters over smooth and clearly defined eave cornices and decorations, which are either plain or decorated with rows of brackets (and sometimes there are additional additional motives). The chimney is often tall, visible above the borders and the complicated Italian style.
Individual patios are designed to reward themselves as much as part of a line. Symmetry is achieved through inspired classical pediment or similar architectural features, balanced by a pair of finial or architectural jars on either side (though these details are later removed on many terraces). Party walls are almost always decorated with corbels (which sometimes depict heads), and large wooden entrances are decorated with colored or scratched glass streaks.
Many of Melbourne's terraces also feature a unique polychrome brick style, heavily influenced by the early work of local architect Joseph Reed and often very detailed (although on many of the terraces these distinctive features have been painted or trimmed in the future, although some of them have been sand or disarmed ).
The Melbourne style has a decorative cast iron balcony (from filigree style ). Demand for imported cast iron ultimately leads to the formation of local foundry. As a result, Melbourne has more decorative cast iron than any other city in the world. Melbourne style terraces are often rearranged from the street rather than built into a building line, providing a small front yard. The decorative cast iron fence, which is regularly scattered with a given stone dock, is usually used, and the final terrace party wall sometimes, but not always, extends to the boundary line to join the fence.
Melbourne's multilevel residential history
The earliest storied houses in Melbourne are the Glass Terrace, 72-74 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy (1853-54). Royal Terrace at 50-68 Nicholson Street Fitzroy, finished three years later only slightly younger and is the oldest complete line that is still alive.
The terraced multi-storey housing becomes prevalent on the outskirts of Melbourne City in Central Park, Albert Park, East Melbourne, South Melbourne, Carlton, Collingwood, St Kilda, Balaclava, Richmond, South Yarra, Cremorne, North Melbourne, Fitzroy, Port Melbourne, West Melbourne, Footscray , Hawthorn, Abbortsford, Burnley, Brunswick, Parkville, Flemington, Kensington, and Elsternwick. A free-standing terrace and a one-story terrace can be found elsewhere within 10 kilometers of Melbourne city center.
The storied housing was disliked by the Melbourne city council and after the First World War, some people actually sought to ban them completely. An increase in slum areas in high-rise residential areas saw the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects in 1910 identify problems caused by the size of a small inner city designation. The Housing and Slum Reclamation Act of 1920 shifted the responsibility for slum reclamation to local councils. The consequence is a shift toward larger block sizes and, inevitably, urban sprawl. During the 1920s, many of the terraced houses in Victoria were transformed into flats.
Although Melbourne maintains a large number of listed terraced terraces, many of the lines are substantially affected by large slum reclamation programs supporting the Housing Commission from Victoria's high-rise public housing plan during the 1950s and 60s. Then the personal development of flat walk-up and in-fill development further reduces the number of complete lines. But the 1960s saw a new trend of restoration as part of Melbourne's suburban gentrification. As a result, roads and suburbs that contain large rows of terraced houses are now quite rare. Suburbs such as Albert Park, Fitzroy, Carlton, Parkville, and East Melbourne are now subject to strict inheritance strands to retain what remains of these streets.
Beberapa contoh yang lebih terkenal dari perumahan bertingkat di Melbourne termasuk warisan terdaftar Tasma Terrace , Canterbury , Clarendon Terrace , Burlington Terrace , Cypress Terrace , Teras Dorset , Nepean Terrace dan Annerly Terrace (East Melbourne), Blanche Terrace , Cobden Terrace , Holyrood Terrace (Fitzroy), Rochester Terrace dan area St Vincent Gardens (Albert Park) , Royal Terrace , Holcombe Terrace , Teras Denver , Rumah Dalmeny & amp; Cramond House , dan Benvenuta (Carlton), Marion Terrace (St Kilda) dan Finn Barr (Melbourne Selatan). Wilayah Victoria
Outside Melbourne in Victoria, major cities in Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong have several historic terraced houses scattered in deep areas, ranging from simple examples to impressive, though generally short, lines. The smaller seaside resort town, Queenscliff, has a number of examples from the late 19th century. The towns of Portland and Port Fairy, which were established at the beginning of the development of Victoria, have a handful of innocent people, especially one-floor, early Victorian instance verandahs. Other early rural towns sometimes have one instance of the same kind.
New South Wales
Sydney
Sydney has some of Australia's oldest terraced houses. The terraced houses are a feature of the city from around the 1830s. Susannah Place (1844) is one of the earliest surviving. Others include; Corana and Hygeia , a pair of two-story Victorian-floored houses built in 1896; Avonmore Terrace (1888) , now a boutique hotel. Hortonbridge Terrace , a row of three large floors of five houses built in 1890. The Horbury Terrace (1836) , which is a Georgian terrace that has been reused as an office, and it is listed on the NSW Heritage Register .
Due to the higher density in Sydney, it is not uncommon to find terrace houses up to four floors. Sandstone sandstone of early Georgian style found in many suburbs within the city. The several suburban terraces of Sydney show clear regional variations, with some having Italian features. The bumpy topography in the Sydney suburbs means that many terraces are usually staggered uphill rather than level or uniform. Terrace Sydney is more likely to make roof features than their Melbourne counterparts, often featuring high-pitched roof windows, but in contrast to shorter and clearer chimneys.
Building codes introduced in 1838 required party walls to be upgraded above the roofline, which helped determine Sydney style and skyline from the multi-storey suburbs. The terrace often has no barrier and has a high pitched roof with roof and attic windows to take advantage of the roof space. Terrace Sydney is often built right into the property boundary; Sydney's narrow streets also make the street scene more intimate where storied. As housing grows in Australia, the porch becomes important as a way of sheltering the house. From the mid-19th century in particular, as more and more people became affluent, they built more elaborate homes, and one of the preferred elaborations was the filigree, or screen, of cast iron or wrought iron. It evolves to the point where it has become one of the major features of Australian architecture.
Unlike the British practice of the day, where dozens or even hundreds of homes were built by developers as a single housing, Sydney's practice is usually to build short houses, an interesting example is "Castle Terrace" in Paddington. They have a corrugated iron roof with round round windows, open party walls and chimneys with four terracotta pots. The veranda of two floors is rich in iron lacework.
Most of Sydney's terraces are firmly anchored to solid sandstone, which provides an opportunity to follow the English practice of building underground floors below street level, reached by climbing the stairs down from the street. Many of these examples can be found in Paddington. On the outskirts of Balmain, there are examples of homes built from local sandstone, rather than bricks covered with stucco. Another Sydney innovation is a cantilevered veranda that allows the inner-city terraces and corner shops to take advantage of space above common walkways and give the house a distinctive appearance.
Pinggiran kota di mana perumahan bertingkat adalah lazim termasuk orang-orang di kota dalam seperti, The Rocks, Paddington, Bondi Junction, Glebe, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Newtown, Balmain, Kirribilli, Camperdown, Annandale, Erskineville, Alexandria, Redfern, Enmore, Potts Point , Chippendale, Darlington, Stanmore, Pyrmont, Woollahra, Petersham, Leichhardt, St Peters, Marrickville, Woolloomooloo, Lilyfield, McMahons Point, dan Rozelle.
Wilayah New South Wales
Outside Sydney in New South Wales, Newcastle has a collection of terraces in the 1890s. Nearly everything is found in the conservation area just east of the central business district on The Terrace, Wolfe Street, Tyrell Street, Bull Street and Watts Street, including Buchanans Terrace (c1890). Campbell Street in Wollongong features the only heritage house in town. Surprisingly, the city of New South Wales, Dubbo, has examples of Victorian terraces and a semi-detached house close to the city center, mostly in the Darling Street area.
Queensland
Brisbane
In Brisbane, Queensland, apart from government buildings, the stoned stone and building were no longer in use, and were in fact authorized by Subduction of the Inappropriate Land Acquisition Act 1885. Defined as a public health and anti-slum tool, it set limits minimum of 10 meters for each settlement block, effectively ending the construction of the terrace, although some terraces are built as single lease projects, not shared, and managed to bypass laws.
However, only a few detailed heritage heritage remains fixed, most crowded in the Central Business District and the Harris Terrace at George Street and Petrie Terrace at Petrie Terrace), and a couple of single lines on the inner periphery ( Cook's Terrace at Coronation Drive, Milton, and Edmonstone Street in West End).
Most of these examples are very different in style to the terrace in other Australian cities because as a regional variation, most of them incorporate Queenslander elements. Especially high-pitched roofs or hips, covered with corrugated galvanized iron is renowned as a dominant and practical design element.
Nostalgic replicas became popular in Brisbane in the 1980s and 1990s in the Victorian-style imitations, in an attempt by developers to attract rich migrants from the interstate. As a result, there are some pretty convincing Melbourne-style replicas along Gregory Terrace in Brisbane.
South Australia
The planned city of Adelaide, South Australia, is probably the most idyllic home in any Australian capital. Some of the oldest are located on North Terrace Adelaide. Sea Apartments, in the suburbs of Grange, is very famous, because it is a large three-storey filigree terrace. It's designed square shape.
Western Australia
In Perth, Western Australia, there are several examples in downtown and Fremantle's Point Street.
Tasmania
Although the size of the major cities is relatively small compared to that in mainland Australia, Tasmania, which is one of Europe's oldest settlements, has a number of examples of fine terraced housing, especially on the inside of Hobart. Launceston has some good examples, mostly in the business district and East Launceston districts, including Alpha Terrace , which has a striking resemblance to the many terraces in Sydney's hilly suburbs.
See also
- Semi-separated
- Georgian architecture
- District architecture
- Italian Architecture
- Victorian-style architecture
- Sydney Architecture
- Australian residential architecture style
- Mashrabiya
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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