The platform platform screen ( PSD ) and platform edge door ( PED ) at the train station or subway separating platform from the train. They are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some have been installed into existing systems. They are widely used in the newer Asian and European metro systems.
Video Platform screen doors
Histori
The first station in the world with a platform screen door is the ten station Leningrad Metro Line 2 which opened between 1961 and 1972. The "Door" platform is actually an opening in the wall of the station, which supports the platform's ceiling. Tunnel paths adjacent to the ten island station platform are built with tunnel boring machines (TBMs), and the island's platforms are actually located in a separate space between two tunnel tracks. Typically, TBM has an inner tunnel between stations, while station dugs are manually dug and contain trajectories and platforms. However, in the case of Saint Petersburg Metro, TBMs have punched a pair of continuous tunnels that pass through ten stations, and the station itself is built in a platform-only safe, with small openings on the sides of the vault, in ordering passengers to access trains at tunnel.
In 1987, Singapore MRT was the first system in the world to incorporate PSD glass into its stations for safety reasons, not because of architectural constraints. All underground stations in all lines have these doors installed since its opening, and the above ground stations are installed with doors in 2011. The design of the doors itself differs depending on the location and timing of the installation (see below).
Maps Platform screen doors
Type
Although this term is often used interchangeably, platform screen doors may refer to high and high resistance. The full-screen high platform screen is a total barrier between the station floor and the ceiling, while the half-high platform platform screen is referred to as platform edge door , as they do not reach the ceiling and thus do not create a total barrier. Platform gates are usually only half of full screen door height, but occasionally reach the train height. The three types of platform screen doors today are the main types in the world.
Platform screen door/platform platform door
These doors help to:
- Prevents people from falling onto a rail, too close to a moving train, and commits suicide or killing (by pushing).
- Prevents or reduces the wind felt by passengers caused by piston effects that in some situations can make people lose their balance
- Reduce the risk of accidents, especially from rail service passing stations at high speed.
- Increase climate control inside stations (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning settings more effectively when the station is physically isolated from the tunnel).
- Improve security - access to tracks and tunnels is restricted.
- Lower the cost - eliminate the need for a motor or conductor when used in conjunction with Automatic Rail Operation, thereby reducing labor costs.
- Prevent garbage in the lane, which may be a fire risk.
- Improve sound quality from platform announcements, as background noise from tunnels and incoming or outgoing trains is reduced.
Their main disadvantage is their cost; installing the system usually costs several million USD per station. When used for retrofit older systems, they limit the type of rolling stock that can be used on the track, because the train door must have exactly the same distance as the platform door; this results in additional costs due to depot upgrades and otherwise unnecessary rolling stock purchases. They also block natural ventilation, increasing the cost of climate control.
The doors also pose their own security risks. The main risk is that people may be trapped between platform doors and train cars, and then destroyed when the train starts moving (see Ã, § Incident). This case occurs rarely, and may depend on the design of the door.
Automatic platform gates
The half-height platform door, or automatic platform gate , is a chest-high sliding door at the edge of the railway platform to prevent passengers from falling from the edge of the platform to the railroad tracks. Like the full-height platform door screen, this platform's gate opens or closes simultaneously with the train door.
Half-height platform gates are cheaper to install than screen doors/screen edges, which require more metallic frames for support. Some rail operators therefore prefer such options to improve safety on the rail platform and, at the same time, keep costs low and non-air-conditioned platforms are naturally ventilated. However, this gate is less effective than full-screen platform doors in preventing people from accidentally jumping onto a track.
This gate was first used practically by the Hong Kong MTR at Disneyland Resort Line for their open station design. Designs later by other manufacturers, such as Manusa, Grupsa or Gilgen Door Systems AG, have their gates higher than those installed at the Disneyland Resort Line.
Some examples are:
- MRT Bangkok
- Beijing Underground
- Shanghai Metro
- Paris MÃÆ' Â © tro
- Hong Kong MTR
- Fukuoka Subway Station
- Osaka Subwayway
- Singapore MRT
- Tokyo Monorail, Tokyo Metro, and Toei Metro
- Metro Taipei
Use
Australia
In Sydney, the first phase of Metro Sydney (known as Sydney Metro Northwest) will open in 2019 and will become Australia's first automated fast transit rail system. The new stations will be equipped with full high platform screen doors on the underground platform and half height on the elevated platform. 5 stations on the Epping to Chatswood rail line will be upgraded to a fast transit standard, all featuring a half-height platform screen door.
In Melbourne, the Melbourne Metro tunnel currently under construction from South Kensington to South Yarra will feature a platform screen door at new stations. The new train is currently being designed which will connect with the full high gate and the new line will open in 2026.
Brazil
The Platform Screen Doors are present in 5 of Sao Paulo Metro's 6 lanes. Line 4 - Yellow and Line 15 - Silver has equipment installed at all stations. This feature is also present in 3 stations Line 2 - Green: SacomÃÆ'Â £ station opened on 30th January 2010 (which is the first station in Latin America that has Platform Screen), Vila Prudente station opened on August 21, 2010 and TamanduateÃÆ' station, opened on 21 September 2010. Only Vila Matilde station currently has features installed in Line 3 - Red. The current PSD installation takes place on Line 5 - Lilac and has been completed at Adolfo Pinheiro station. All future stations of the system will be unveiled with PSD. They are planned to be installed in the old station as well.
Canada
Screen doors are used in all three LINK Train stations and Union and Pearson stations along the Union Pearson Express route to Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario.
China
All Chinese metro systems have platform screen doors installed in most of the tracks. All stations built after the mid-2000s have some form of platform barrier. Only Shanghai Metro, Beijing Subway, Guangzhou Metro, Nanjing Metro and Wuhan Metro have platforms without door platform screens on their starting line. However many are beginning the process of retrofitting these lines with the platform screen gates. In addition, many BRT systems such as Bus Rapid Transit Guangzhou are also equipped with platform screen doors. Some high-speed subway stations of the CRH network use platform screen doors that are reassembled from the edge of the platform.
Denmark
The Copenhagen Metro uses the door screen of the Westinghouse and Faiveley platforms on the platform of its underground station.
Finnish
The Helsinki Metro is currently testing with Faiveley's automated platform gate installed on one platform at Vuosaari metro station during the project phase one. The doors, which are part of the Siemens metro automation project, were built in 2012. Phase 2 of the project has been postponed due to automated and technical tests related to metro automation.
French
The Paris line MÃÆ'Ã © tro's 14 from Saint-Lazare to BibliothÃÆ'¨que FranÃÆ'§ois Mitterrand was unveiled with a platform screen door manufactured by Faiveley Transport. The new Olympic station opened with a platform screen door in June 2007. Line 1 has been fitted with a platform screen door, for automation without an effective full driver by 2012. Several stations in Line 13 have had platform edge doors since 2010 to manage their density, after the tests were conducted in 2006, and the station on Line 4 is currently being installed with platform edge doors in preparation for its final automation.
In addition, all the VAL automatic subway system lines are also equipped with platform screen doors at each station. That includes the subway of Toulouse, Rennes, and Lille, as well as airport transport CDGVAL and Orlyval.
The D line in Lyon, which is equipped with full automatic trains, lacks a platform screen door but identifies a barrier by an infrared detector on a track. A similar system is used by the metro system in Nuremberg, Germany.
German
Drivers at Frankfurt International Airport and Düsseldorf Airport are equipped with platform screen doors, as well as a suspended monorail in Dortmund, called H-Bahn.
Hong Kong
In 1998, the Tung Chung Line and Airport Express saw the earliest operating platform screen doors in Hong Kong.
MTR Corporation also, since mid-1996, has been studying the feasibility of installing PSDs at older stations. It was cut in 1999 to undertake the PSD Retrofit Program on 74 platforms from 30 underground stations in Kwun Tong, Island, and Tsuen Wan Lines. It was completed in early 2006. Mass Transit Railway is the world's first metro system for retrofitting PSD on already operating transit systems.
In 2006 the MTR began studying ways to introduce barriers in ground and in-class stations, which are considered more complicated since these stations are naturally ventilated and the introduction of platform screen doors will require the installation of an air conditioning system. In 2008 the company decided to install an automatic platform gate at these eight stations (MTR and KCR Corporation operationalally joined in 2007, but KCR stations except from this study). The eight stations were installed with APG in 2011.
From July 2000 to December 2013, MTR Corporation collects an additional charge of 10 cents from each passenger who pays Octopus to help pay for the installation of PSD and APG. More than HK $ 1.15 billion was collected in total.
Platform screen doors are also installed in all Western Railway platforms, then built by Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) prior to the MTR-KCR merger. Ma On Shan Line does not have a gate when it is opened even though it was built in conjunction with the West Rail.
The installation of platform screen doors in Hong Kong has been effective in reducing train injuries and service disruptions.
The world's longest platform screen screen set can be found at East Tsim Sha Tsui Station. The reduction of train length from 12 to 7 cars after the Kowloon Southern Link construction caused many screen doors to be removed, although the train is currently being extended to eight cars.
The platform screen doors currently operating at MTR are supplied by Swiss manufacturer Kaba Gilgen, Japan's Nabtesco Corporation (under the Nabco brand), as well as Faiveley Transport. The last stations in Hong Kong with no doors or gates on the platform are all found on the East Rail Line and Ma On Shan Line, both former KCR lines are not part of the APG MTR retrofit program. However, these remaining stations are all being repaired by Kaba as part of Sha Tin to the Central Link project. Adding APG to the East Rail platform requires platform reinforcement because the gate, combined with high winds, can greatly increase structural loading on the edges of the platform.
Apart from MTR, all stations at Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover are equipped with platform screen doors made from Westinghouse Platform Screen Doors (for Phase 1) and Panasonic (for Medium Friendly Extensions) .
India
At Delhi Metro, All stations at Delhi Airport Metro Express, linked to Indira Gandhi International Airport have been equipped with platform screen doors since November 2015 and the six busiest stations on the Yellow Line platform screen door are in the process.
The platform screen doors are also used in all Chennai Metro underground stations.
There are also plans to install platform screen doors at all the upcoming Pink Line stations and the Magenta Line of Delhi Metro currently under construction. There are also plans to install platform doors on Line 1 and Metro 2 Line Kolkata. At Namma Metro in Bangalore, the platform door will be installed for phase II operations and is expected to be completed by 2019. The Kochi Metro also plans to install platform gates at all 22 flyover stations in the future.
Italy
The platform screen doors are used in most newly built fast transit lines and new construction systems in Italy. PSD is present at Turin Metro, Venice People Mover, Perugia MinimetrÃÆ'², Metro Brescia, Line 5 of Metro Milan, and Line C of Metro Roma.
Japanese
Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway started using obstacles with the opening of Namboku Line in 1991 (which has full-height platform screen doors), and then installed an automatic platform gate on the Mita, Marunouchi and Fukutoshin lines. Several railway lines, including subway systems in Sapporo, Sendai, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto, and Fukuoka, also utilize obstacles to some extent.
In August 2012, the Japanese government announced plans to install a barrier at stations used by 100,000 people or more per day, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism allocated 36 million yen ($ 470,800) for research and development systems 2011-2012 fiscal year. The difficulty is the fact that some stations are used by different types of trains with different designs, creating a barrier design challenge.
As of November 2012, only 34 of 235 stations with more than 100,000 users per day are able to implement the plan. The ministry stated that 539 of about 9,500 rail stations across Japan have obstacles. From the Tokyo Metro station, 78 out of 179 has several types of platform barrier.
By 2018, automatic platform gates will be installed on the S 'bu Rapid Line platform at Shin-Koiwa. Since this train has a length of 300 m (980 ft), it is believed that this will break the world record for the longest platform door at Tsim Sha Tsui East Station in Hong Kong.
Malaysia
The platform screen doors are installed in all the underground Kelana Jaya Line stations, from Ampang Park to Masjid Jamek station for security reasons. An automatic announcement message that reads "For security reasons, please stand behind the yellow line" in English and Malay is also heard before the train arrives at all stations.
Half-height platform screen doors have also been installed in all the Buloh-Kajang River Station and KL Monorail stations.
There are also high ceilings at KLIA Express in Kuala Lumpur Sentral, KLIA, and KLIA 2.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, platform screen doors are installed at all of Lahore Metrobus and Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus transit bus stations. There are plans to install it at all stations Multan Metrobus, Karachi Metrobus and under construction Lahore Metro.
Russian
Park Pobedy (Russia: ?????????) is Saint Petersburg Metro Station which is the first station in the world with platform doors. The station opened in 1961. Later, this type of ninemore station was built in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg): Petrogradskaya (Russia: ????????????), Vasileostrovskaya (Russia: ????? Gostiny Dvor (Russia: ??????????), Mayakovskaya (Russia: ??????????), Ploshchad Alexandra Nevskogo I (Russia : ???????????????????????????) Moskovskaya (Russian: ?????????), Yelizarovskaya (Russian: ???????????), Lomonosovskaya (Russia: ???????????), and Zvyozdnaya (Russia: ???????).
There are electronic devices to ensure that the train stops with its doors adjacent to the platform door; they are installed so that the train without a driver can eventually be used on the phone. Unlike other platform screen doors, which are lightweight units with wide glass mounted on the edge of normal platforms, the St Petersburg unit provides a sturdy wall view with heavyweight doors and solid steel sliding doors, similar to a stack of elevators in a large building. , and the train was not seen coming from the platform; passengers become accustomed to the sound alone to show the arrival of the train.
In May 2018, two other similar stations opened: Novokrestovsakaya and Begovaya. Unlike the first ten stations built, these stations use glass doors, allowing trains to be seen entering the platform.
Singapore
The Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) was Asia's first rapid transit system that incorporated a platform screen door at its stations in 1987. The full-height PSDS produced by Westinghouse is primarily installed at all underground and underground MRT stations in Singapore, as well as at the Ten Mile Junction LRT Station since it opened in 1999. Future MRT stations in the future will also have high-speed doors installed at the opening. The half-height screen door most of which is manufactured by ST Electronics has been installed to all elevated stations in March 2012 (starting with three high MRT stations in 2009), as well as all future ground MRT stations. LRT stations in Sengkang, Bukit Panjang and Punggol also have a half-panel high-platform display installed starting in 2015. These panels have no physical doors and their sizes vary according to their location on the platform. All remaining LRT stations will receive this panel by 2018.
There are two series of full-height platform screen doors that are used. The first series, made by Westinghouse, was installed in all the underground stations along the North South Line and the East West Line from 1987 until the completion of the early system in 1990. The second series of PSDs featured a sleeker design, resulting in less noise when the doors opened and closed while blending more glass. The first station with these doors is Changi Airport MRT Station which opened in 2002. All stations in the North Line and the entirely underground North Lane Line, which opened in 2003 and 2010 respectively, sport these new doors, also made by Westinghouse, although there is a small difference in their design. The same door used at Circle Line also completes the rebuilt North South Line platform at Bishan MRT Station in 2009 after a renovation along with the Circle Line interchange at the station. The Downtown Line features a more recently-designed Westinghouse door, which is also found at the South Pier Marina MRT Station opened in 2014. The upcoming Thomson-East Coast Line will use the full high gate by different manufacturers, GE Transportation, at its current station opening.
Considered novelty at the time of installation, platform screen doors were introduced primarily to minimize large air conditioning costs, especially since high stations are not air-conditioned and much more economical to run compared. Since then the safety aspects of these doors have become more important, as highlighted by a series of high-profile incidents in which individuals were injured or killed by trains coming since 2002 - all happening at flyover stations without screen doors. The Land Transport Authority reported that there were more than 220 commuter cases entering without permission on the tracks between 1991 and 15 September 2004, of which 87 percent were deliberate violations. Nine fatalities were recorded during this period, which was only one accident. Since September 2004, six casualties have occurred at elevated MRT and LRT stations.
South Korea
Yongdu Station Seoul Subway Line 2 is the first station in Seoul Subway to feature a platform screen door; the station opened in October 2005. By the end of 2009, many of the 289 stations were operated by Seoul Metro by local Korean suppliers. Seoul Metro Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are equipped with platform screen doors. However, not all stations operated by Korail have completed the installation. All stations in South Korea will have platform screen doors by 2018. By 2017, 100% of subway stations are equipped with platform screen doors in Daejeon, Gwangju, Busan, Incheon and Daegu. The platform screen doors installed at Munyang Station in Daegu Metro have a unique rope-based platform screen called the Rope Type Safe Platform Door (RPSD). A set of ropes mounted on the runway of the rails. When the train arrives, the rope screen goes up to allow entry. The RPSD is also used at Nokdong Station in Gwangju Subway, but was removed in 2012, and new full-height platform screen doors were installed in 2016 instead.
Spanish
Half the platform screens were first installed in the ProvenÃÆ'§a FGC station (Barcelona) around 2003. Then the doors were tested on the Barcelona 11 Metro line before being installed in all stations for the new 9 and 10 lines, which operate driverless. In Seville Metro this system is in use since it opened in April 2009.
Swedish
The Stockholm commuter train has a platform door at two underground stations that opened in July 2017, as part of the Stockholm City Line. Metro Stockholm will receive platform doors at two stations during 2017 - 2018. The Gothenburg Underground Station in Gothenburg has a platform door built before it opened in 1993. The reason is the safety of the freight train that goes into this tunnel. These doors are built one meter from the edge of the platform and do not limit the type of train.
Switzerland
Skymetro's shuttle to Zurich International Airport between the main building (hosting terminal A and B) and separate E terminal has a glass screen door separating the rails from the passenger hall platform at both ends.
M2 Line Lausanne Metro has glass doors in every station.
Taiwan
The platform screen doors and platform gates were automatically installed from the beginning with the opening of the Muzha Line (now the Wenshan line, the first metro line in Taiwan) from Metro Taipei in 1996. In the 21st century, all platforms on Neihu Line are equipped with them, and since 2010 , all newly opened stations have been equipped with them. The extension and front line will also be equipped with these doors. The last station that comes online without a platform screen is Nangang Station. The TRTC has also decided that they will install platform screen doors at all such stationless stations when they are built and stations with high passengers or transfer stations will be the first targets. Platform gates at major stations such as Taipei Main Station and Yuanshan Station are already in use.
Taipei Metro System with platform screen door:
- Wenhu Line: All Stations
- Tamsui-Xinyi Line: Dongmen Station to Xiangshan Station
- Green Line: Beimen Station to Songshan Station
- Orange Line: Dongmen Station to Huilong Station/Luzhou Station
- Bannan Path: All Stations
All underground stations on the Kaohsiung MRT system have a built-in platform screen door.
Thai
MRT Bangkok is equipped with a platform screen door. In 2013, a half-height platform screen was installed on the skytrain of BTS at Siam station and is being installed at several busy stations.
United Arab Emirates
The platform screen doors are installed on all platforms on the fully automated Dubai Metro, as well as in Dubai Tram (the world's first tram system featuring platform screen doors).
United Kingdom
The Jubilee line extension project saw a platform screen door installed in its new underground station. In contrast to other systems, where PSD and PED are installed primarily for safety reasons, the PSD Jubilee is designed primarily to reduce air movement caused by an emergency ventilation fan. As a secondary function, they also act as a barrier to prevent people from falling onto a track. The PSD Jubilee line is produced by Westinghouse. There are plans to install a PED (which will not reach the ceiling) at London Underground station along Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly, and Waterloo & amp; The city line as part of the New Tube for London.
PED is present at the Gatwick Airport shuttle system and at the people's shuttle terminal at Heathrow Airport. In these two cases the goal is safety, because there is a considerable drop on the other side of the door.
Crossrail will have platform screen doors in most of its underground stations; except for stations at Heathrow Airport, which will also be served by the Heathrow Express train, which has a different door layout.
Glasgow Subway will have a half-screen high screen by 2020.
United States
The platform screen doors are generally scarce in the United States, and almost exclusively found on small-scale systems. The privately operated Las Vegas Monorail system is currently the only US public-purpose rapid transit system to use platform screen doors. Honolulu Rail Transit will be the first large-scale public metro system run in the United States to feature a platform screen door when opened in late 2020.
The New York City City Transport Authority has not yet committed to installing platform screen doors in its subway system, despite considering such ideas since the 1980s. Locations that allow for platform doors include multiple stations along Second Avenue Subway, but their installation presents great technical challenges, as there are various door placements on the subway of the New York City Subway. MTA is also interested in the retrofitting of platform door screens on the Canarsie Line, along the L trains, and on the IRT Flushing Line, along 7 and & lt; 7 & gt; train. However, it is unlikely that the entire New York City Subway system will be reinstalled with platform screen doors or automatic platform gates because, once again, various door placements on rolling stock. Following a series of week-long incidents in November 2016, in which 3 people were injured or killed after being pushed onto the track, the MTA began considering installing carved door platforms for the 42nd Street Shuttle. In October 2017, the MTA officially announced that the platform screen door will be installed at Third Avenue station on the L train as part of a pilot program.
People's movers, systems that carry passengers across long distances, otherwise they will run, making use of platform screen doors. The system is common in airports like Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport and Denver International Airport. The Port Authorities of New York and New Jersey use full high platform screen doors on two systems: AirTrain JFK and AirTrain Newark (serving John F. Kennedy International Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport). San Francisco International Airport has an AirTrain that operates 24 hours a day and is a 6-mile long line running between domestic terminals, international terminal, international garage and rental car; each station is fully enclosed with a platform screen door that allows access to fully automated person movers. Chicago O'Hare International Airport has a 24-hour, 24-hour (4 km) operating system that operates between four terminals at the airport and parking area; each station is fully enclosed with a platform screen door that allows access to a fully automated person's cart. AeroTrain is a 3.78 mile (6.08 km) long-person drive system at Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia with a fully enclosed pass including a platform screen door. The United States Capitol subway system, a people-driven cart system, uses platform gateways.
Incident
At Shanghai Metro in 2007, a man who forced his way into an overcrowded train became trapped between train doors and platform doors as they closed. He was pulled under a train that departed and was killed; Nearly identical deaths occur at Beijing Subway in 2014? -? The third death involving platform doors in China in the previous few years.
Between 1999 and 2012, the door of the London Underground platform was involved in 75 injuries, including a strike to the head and arms.
References
External links
- Metro Bits platform screen door
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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