The history of Virginia Beach, Virginia, returned to Native Americans who lived in the area for thousands of years before British colonists landed on Cape Henry in April 1607 and established their first permanent settlement in Jamestown a few weeks later. The Virginia Colonial Period extended to 1776 and the American Revolution, and the area has been a part of the Commonwealth of Virginia ever since.
Since 1634, the region known today as Virginia Beach has been part of the same local government unit, except for 11 years. In 1952, when the resort was 2 square miles (5.2 km 2 ), Town of Virginia Beach became an independent city, followed by the rest of the reunited Princess Anne County and politically consolidated by reciprocity. the approval of the population to form a new self-contained city in 1963. Choosing the more familiar name of the ocean strip area, Virginia Beach has evolved into the most populous city of Hampton Roads, each linked by the Hampton Roads Beltway that crosses the Hampton Roads harbor through two bridges- big tunel.
Video History of Virginia Beach, Virginia
Native Americans
The Chesepians are Native American (American Indians) from the area now known as South Hampton Roads in Virginia during the Woodland Period and then before the arrival of British settlers in 1607. They occupied the area now Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach area. They are divided into five provinces or kingdoms: Weapemiooc, Chawanook, Secotan, Pomouic and Newsiooc, each ruled by a king or chief. To the west they were members of the Nansemond tribe.
The main village of Chesepians is called Skicoak, located in the independent city of Norfolk today. The Chesepians also have two other towns (or villages), Apasus and Chesepioc, both near Chesapeake Bay in what is now Virginia Beach. Of these, it is known that Chesepioc is located in the Great Neck area today. Archaeologists and others have discovered many native American artifacts, such as arrows, stone axes, pottery, beads, and skeletons at Great Neck Point.
Politically, the area is dominated by the Powhatan Confederation based on the Virginia Peninsula. Although Chesepians belong to the same East-Algonquian language-speaking group as members of the Powhatan Confederation along Hampton Road, archaeological evidence suggests that the original Chesepia came from another group, the Carolina Algonquian. Powhatan, whose real name is Wahunsunacock, is the most powerful chief in the Chesapeake Bay region, dominating over 30 Algonquin-speaking tribes. Chesepian does not belong to the Powhatan alliance, but instead challenges it.
In 1607, around the time of the first permanent English settlement established, Chesseska had united to fight the Powhatan Confederacy, suffering heavy losses. The last time Chessbeak mentioned in the history document was in 1627. The Chesaspeakes do not have pure desdencendants. Their tribe, completely defeated by Powhatan, was crushed all-out during this period due to disease and friction. According to William Strachey's The Historie of Travaile to Virginia Britanica (1612), the Chesians were destroyed by the Powdhatan because the Powhatan priests had warned him that of the Chesapeake Bay a nation should emerge, which should be dispersed and return the empire. Local legend says that a Powhatan chief adviser has a vision of which foreigners from the East will come and take their land. Having no prior knowledge of the Europeans who would eventually land on Cape Henry, the Powhatan assumed the vision implied the Chesepians. The Powhatan sweeps across the Chesepeian tribe in a proactive defensive action. They did not know that his eyesight was right. In 1607, a group of three ships ( The Susan Constant, The Godspeed and The Discovery), led by Captain Christopher Newport, landed on Cape Henry. The group consists of 104 men and boys will play the film in the interior and establish the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown. Maps History of Virginia Beach, Virginia
European arrivals
The Spaniards sailed past the Chesapeake Bay and landed in Chincoteague (Virginia) in 1524. The Spanish explorers also charted the Cape Henry coast. England was soon followed by explorers under Sir Walter Raleigh's auspices. His men roamed the area between Cape Henry and Cape Lookout in July and August 1584. The first British colony was founded by John White on Roanoke Island. However, the colony disappears, giving rise to a mysterious legend from Lost Colony. It took more than a dozen years before England sent another expedition to colonize the area, but this effort also failed.
The expedition that established the first permanent settlement sailed on December 19, 1606 from Blackwall, England on three ships commanded by Captain Christopher Newport. It consists of 105 men and boys sponsored by the Company's London Company of London. They made a very long journey in 144 days. On April 26, 1607, they made their first landing at Cape Henry, in the northeast part of Virginia Beach's independent city, the point where the Chesapeake Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. Named in honor of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I of England. But the settlers left the area under orders from the UK to search for sites further into the interior that would be more protected from competing European vessels.
Currently, their "First Landing" site is within the boundaries of Joint Expeditionary Base East, a Navy installation used for training by the Army, US Army, and Marines. A memorial cross near the landing site and the historic Cape Henry Light accessible to the general public. First Landing State Park (formerly Seashore State Park) nearby is named to commemorate this event.
In addition to the landing site itself, the nearest settlement called Henry Town near the mouth of the Lynnhaven River was first described by name in a 1613 letter by Virginia lieutenant governor Samuel Argall, who wrote the fishing boat shipments "to Henries Towne for the help of such people is there. "The remaining documents mention several fortresses in the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay since 1610, possibly including Henry Town. These records indicate that the settlement in Henry Town is contemporary with settlements in Jamestown. However, most of the archaeological finds on the Henry Town site date from the mid to early seventeenth century. Several findings indicate that the site is linked to the closest tobacco plantation, Adam Thoroughgood, which began around 1635.
Norfolk County
The first written recording of the name "Norfolk" is in the land book. It said: at the houlden court in Lower County of New Norfolke May 15, 1637 [now:] Adam Thorowgood Esq.r . John Sibsey, Edward Windham, William Julian, Francis Mason, and Robert Cramm were also present. Thorowgood is the commander and leads justice from two different parishes. He was an important figure in the early history of Virginia Beach.
Adam Thoroughgood (1604-1640) from King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, the youngest son of an influential family led by Reverend William Thorowgood, was one of the earliest British men to become captivated by the territory that Virginia Beach had become. At the age of 18, he became a contract worker to pay for a trip to Virginia Colony. Around 1622, he settled in the southern area of ​​the Chesapeake Bay a few kilometers to the mainland from the Atlantic Ocean. This area has been bypassed when previous settlements such as Jamestown erected starting in 1607 support further locations inland that would be less vulnerable to attacks by other European forces, such as Spain.
Serving an indenture period, he gained his freedom and became a leading citizen of the area. He was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth City (or "citiie" as it was later called) in 1629. He also served on the Board of Governors (Kingdom), and as a Judge of the Court. He also became Captain of the local militia.
The London Company lost its franchise and Virginia became a royal colony in 1624. In 1634, the Colony was divided into shale, soon renamed the district, a term still used in Virginia 350 years later. Adam Thorowgood is credited with the name of his home in England when he helped name New Norfolk County when it was formed from Elizabeth City County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was divided into Upper Norfolk County (soon renamed Nansemond County) and Lower Norfolk County, large enough, covering all the territory now in the modern cities of Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach. Thorowgood's 1635 patent covers an area of ​​5,350 acres (21.7 km 2 ). Most of the land between Lynnhaven River and Seawell's Point is owned by three people: Captain Thomas Willoughby, Francis Mason and Adam Thorowgood.
Thorowgood's residence after 1634 was along the Lynnhaven River, also named for his home in England. Thoroughgood seems to have a foresight to realize earlier than many other leaders that Lower Norfolk County is too big for one site for its comfortable worship and court affairs. He led efforts to build the second parish church, the palace, and the glebe house in what became known as Point Church on the Lynnhaven River. Adam Thoroughgood suddenly became ill and died at the age of only 36 in 1640. He was buried at Churches Point in a location now believed to be submerged.
Today, some of the early 17th century British settlement evidence in this city survives, including the Adam Thoroughgood House museum and the Adam Keeling House, a private home also on the Lynnhaven River.
1638-1691 Lower Norfolk County grows, divides
Lower Norfolk County is large enough, and stretches all the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the west past the Elizabeth River and, as Thoroughgood had planned before, immediately needed two courthouses to serve the citizens. Eventually, in 1691, Lower Norfolk County was in turn divided to form Norfolk County and Princess Anne County. Anne's daughter, the easternmost area on South Hampton Roads, extends north from the North Carolina border to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, and covers all the areas facing the Atlantic Ocean. It was named after Anne, the daughter of James II. Many settlers in the Lower County of New Norfolk are nomads and religious refugees from the governments of James I and James II; his last daughters were highly respected by their fathers. Princess Anne County lasted from 1691 to 1963, more than 250 years old.
Kempsville
Originally named Kemp's Landing, in November 1775, Kempsville was the location where John Ackiss was killed by Royal Lord of the Governor Lord Dunmore during an incident later called "Skirmish of Kempsville". Ackiss became the first Virginian victim of the American Revolutionary War. The Daughters of American Revolution then established a plaque near the site.
Historic Buildings
In 1720, the governor of Virginia requested that a lighthouse be built on Cape Henry. It took a long time before work began. After being stopped in 1774 by the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the lighthouse was finally completed in 1791. In 1962 it was named after the official Virginia Beach symbol.
The structure of the colony of Virginia in Virginia Beach that still exist in 2007 include Adam Thoroughgood House, Hermitage, Broad Bay House, Plantation Green Hill Plantation Wolfsnare (also referred to as the "Palette"), John Biddle House, Pleasant Hall, Carraway House, Church Old donation Episcopal, Adam Keeling House, Pembroke Manor, Upper Wolfsnare, Wishart House (House Lynnhaven) and Francis Land House.
City Incorporated in 1906, an independent city in 1952
Beginning in the late 19th century, a small resort area on Virginia Beach grew up in Princess Anne County, especially after 1888 with the arrival of rail and electric services. The developers built the original Princess Anne Hotel which opened in 1890 on a beach near the small community of Seatack, named for the British "invasion by the sea" during the War of 1812. In 1891, guests at the new hotel witnessed an accident and rescue attempt. United States Life Saving Services for Norwegian Dictator skin. The figure of the ship, which was washed away on the beach a few days later, was established as a simple monument to the victims and rescue along the ocean coast for over 50 years, and later became the inspiration for the current Norwegian Lady Monument dedicated in 1962 in Virginia Beach, and Moss, Norway.
The "Gay Nineties" and the turn of the century saw an explosion in the construction of hotels and guest cottages to accommodate the growing number of summer tourists flocking to shore. As time went on, the grand old hotels and lodges surrendered to flames and destructive balls, to be replaced by the towering modern hotels and motels on the beach today. Just one of the old Victorian cottages of that era that still exists and continues to welcome guests-Barclay Cottage Bed and Breakfast.
Although the resort initially relied on rail and electric trolley services, the completion of the Virginia Beach Boulevard concrete stretching from Norfolk in 1922 opened access for cars, buses and trucks, and the passenger train service was finally stopped.
The train station in Cape Henry built in 1902 and served by the original Norfolk Southern Railway was restored at the end of the 20th century and used as an educational facility by Joint Expeditionary Base East. Another railway station near 18th Street and Pacific Avenue was torn down. (Part of the original railroad from Norfolk near the Oceanfront is now used as a pedestrian and bicycle path).
The flourishing Virginia Beach resort was incorporated as a city in 1906. B.P. Holland was elected the first mayor of the City. He had been the scribe of the original Princess Anne Hotel many years before, and had witnessed the Dictator ship wreck. Over the next 45 years, Virginia Beach continues to grow in popularity as a seasonal vacation spot, and casinos give way to amusement parks and family-oriented attractions.
After the Second World War, Virginia Beach ushered in a new era that was flooded by transportation improvements and construction booms. The war also left the city with four permanent military orders, which continue to mark its landscape today: East Joint Expedition Base, Naval Air Station Oceana, Neck Dam Training Frontier and State Camp (Camp Pendleton).
Virginia Beach became a small independent township politically independent of Princess Anne County in 1952, although many connections between Virginia Beach and Princess Anne remain. The change was seen as part of a major reorganization of the boundaries and structures of almost all the districts, cities in southeastern Virginia that occurred between 1952 and 1976.
In the mid-20th century, the northwestern border of Princess Anne County lost territory for annexation clothing by the City of Norfolk after annexing the entire northeast region of Norfolk County. As Virginia towns were unable to annex their respective territories, the leaders and residents of Anne County's Princess came to see the merger with the small independent town of Virginia Beach as a way to prevent an independent Norfolk City, whose population included a much larger number and proportion. African-Americans (about 43% compared to below 20% in Virginia Beach), from more annexation or potentially all regions.
1963: consolidation with Princess Anne County
In 1963, after being approved by a referendum of City of Virginia Beach and Princess Anne County voters, and with the approval of the Virginia General Assembly, the two political subdivisions were consolidated as a new, much larger independent city, retaining the famous name of the Virginia Beach resort. They need to do this because Virginia laws state that cities and districts can not be combined. They got through it by attaching a bill to Virginia State's already large budget. Roughly at the same time, at the same risk of annexation, Norfolk County took the same action, consolidating it with a small independent City in South Norfolk and forming another new city. The Chesapeake Town became Virginia's new neighbor to the southwest of Virginia.
Today, most of the areas that were once in Princess Anne County when it was formed in 1691 are now located in the Coastal City of Virginia. The only exceptions are some of the northwestern region that became part of Norfolk City through the annexation and land swap agreement between the two cities in 1988.
1989: "Yunanifest" riot
While more and more African American students are gathering in Virginia Beach for Labor Day Weekends each year in the late 1980s, certain events during the 1988 "Yunanifest" were seen to have been presaged for the riots of 1989. First, it was reported that the beach "7-Eleven" a grocery store was looted by a large group of revelers who entered the store during work hours and walked out with food, drinks and other items without paying. Some speculate that the 7-Eleven incident may have sparked celebrities during the ensuing years, since the 1988 looters were never challenged by local law enforcement because of their large numbers. Secondly, during the 1988 event, several hotels reported vandalism by customers. For Greece in 1989, hotel owners raised rates, forced minimum stays, and issued colored bracelets to identify registered guests. This tighter and more expensive hotel policy is considered racially motivated by an African-African majority from Greece, which increases racial tensions when the procedure does not apply during other times of the year. The third occurred when many 1988festfest participants could not get into a scheduled concert at the Virginia Beach Pavilion due to inadequate place capacity, which caused some property damage and alleged attacks on a female security guard. City officials used property damage in the Pavilion as a pretext to deny the use of all Greek city facilities in 1989.
The city leaders claimed after the events of 1988 that the number of best Greek participants beat the capacity of Virginia Beach for big events. Mayor Meyera E. Oberndorf confirmed that the event of late African American summer is not welcome in the city. The event organizers were told by city officials that they could not rent public facilities for 1989 in Greece. Without the use of city facilities, more than 100,000 Greek participants in 1989 there was nothing to do but roam around the coast. The city leaders also put new rules and policies in place leading to the capture and excerpts of hundreds of viewers, especially for relatively minor offenses such as jay-walking and loud music. The Virginia National Guard was placed on a call for the Labor Day weekend of 1989. Participants claimed that they felt unwanted by the unfriendly nature of the police and other city officials.
It was widely reported that the destruction and looting of property in 1989 began when the audience was listening to the hit song Public Enemy "Fight the Power" from Spike Lee's "Do the Right Thing", which had been released earlier in the summer. When party audiences listen to a song that explodes from a nearby vehicle, someone throws a brick through the window of the storefront. From there, more windows were damaged and many people started taking merchandise from stores in nearby areas. Apparently out of fear for their safety, the Virginia Beach police left the oceanfront, returning hours later with a riot of equipment. As the sun rose the next morning, it became clear that about 100 shops and restaurants that spanned more than two dozen blocks on the sea front had been damaged and/or merchandise stolen.
The Virginia National Guard arrived around dawn and an emergency was announced on the orders of the Commonwealth of Virginia Governor. The evening curfew at 8 pm was in effect and hundreds of Greek spectators caught on the streets after curfew were arrested and/or beaten by law enforcement officers for the next two nights. Angered that they had spent hundreds of dollars on hotels that became virtual prisons in the night, many of Greece's biggest diners destroyed the property inside the hotel and threw televisions, furniture and other items on the hotel's balcony. A police horse is killed when beaten in the head by the goods thrown on the balcony. Blotter police recorded more than 650 people arrested over the weekend.
Some suggest that if the City has worked more closely with college organizers and created more event events, events on the oceanfront will not be out of control. A year after the 1989 riots, City became deeply involved and spent millions of dollars preparing for Yunanifest. This preparation includes blocking entire coastal areas with police checkpoints, allowing only those who have access through the city to the ocean shore, permits granted exclusively to residents living or working on the perimeter of oceans and travelers with confirmed reservations at edge hotels beach. Students and party goers felt that the event had become too military and within two years the festival was almost abandoned. Students and community leaders claim that the newly organized organizational structure undermines the nature of the meeting. The prevailing sentiment is the City of Va. Beach does not welcome the Greek Fest and that such treatment is unfounded and disrespectful. Most participants feel the racial nuances expressed by such treatment should no longer be tolerated and not only African American students refuse to return on Labor Day weekend, but for two decades the city has difficulty capturing many African American tourists in any form..
The Future of Labor Day weekend in Virginia Beach is said to be more "typical."
Trial Beltway Sniper
Virginia Beach made national headlines in 2003 when it hosted the first trial of Beltway's sniper killer John Allen Muhammad. This area was chosen because of a court order for a change of venue. His trial began in October 2003, and the following month, he was found guilty of mass murder in one of the series of shootings and extortion attempts. Four months later, the judge agreed with the jury's recommendation, and he was sentenced to death. In April 2005, Virginia Supreme Court confirmed the decision of the local court and the death penalty. Muhammad was executed on November 10, 2009.
Statue of King Neptune
The Statue of King Neptune was built in honor of the Neptune Festival, which is a local festival held every September.
See also
- Timeline Virginia Beach, Virginia
References
Bibliography
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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