CAD/CAM dentistry is a field of dentistry and prosthodontics using CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing) to improve the design and manufacture of dental restorations, especially dental prostheses, including dental crowns, veneers, inlays and onlays, fixed bridges, dental implant restorations, dentures (removable or repaired), and orthodontic appliances. CAD/CAM complements previous technologies used for this purpose with a combination of design and build speed improvements; enhance the convenience or simplicity of the design, manufacture and insertion process; and allow restorations and equipment that should not be done. Other goals include reducing unit costs and making affordable restorations and equipment that would otherwise be very expensive. However, for now, CAD/CAM seats often involve additional time on the dentist's part, and the cost is often at least twice higher than conventional restoration treatments using lab services. CAD/CAM is one of the highly competent dental laboratory technologies.
Like other CAD/CAM fields, CAD/CAM dentistry uses subtractive processes (such as CNC milling) and additional processes (such as 3D printing) to generate physical instances of 3D models.
Video CAD/CAM dentistry
Histori
Although CAD/CAM dentistry was used in the mid-1980s, early effort was considered a complicated novelty, requiring a great deal of time to produce a viable product. This inefficiency prevents its use in dental offices and limits the use of labside (ie, use in dental laboratories). As adjuvant techniques, software, and materials are improved, the use of seats from CAD/CAM (used in dental office/operations) is increasing. For example, the commercialization of Cerec by Sirona makes CAD/CAM available to dentists who would not otherwise have a way of using it.
CEREC CAD/CAM in Dentistry article original dissertation The data capture stabilizer device for CEREC CAD/CAM camera fully explains all the pros and cons of the system and details in (materials, devices, software, hardware, etc.).
Maps CAD/CAM dentistry
Difference from conventional restoration
Restoration CAD/CAM seats differ from conventional dentistry where the prosthesis is usually tapered or tied on the same day. Conventional prostheses, such as crowns, have been placed temporarily from one to several weeks while dental laboratories or dental laboratories at home produce restorations. The patient will return afterwards for temporary removal and the laboratory artificial crown is cemented or tied in place. In-house CAD/CAM systems allow dentists to make completed inlays in just one hour in some cases. Restoration of the CAD/CAM veneer is bound to be more conservative in dental preparation. Since bonding is more effective on tooth enamel than in the underlying dentine, care is taken not to remove the enamel layer. Although a one-day service is a benefit that is usually claimed by a dentist offering CAD/CAM services in a chair, the time of the dentist is usually duplicated and the cost is doubled.
Process
Usually CAD/CAM dental restorations are milled from solid blocks of ceramic or composite resins that are perfectly matched to the basic color of restored teeth. Metal alloys can also be milled or produced digitally.
After a damaged or damaged tooth area is repaired by the dentist, the image (scan) is taken from the prepared tooth and the tooth around it. This image, called the digital impression, draws data to the computer. The proprietary software then creates a replacement part for the missing tooth area, creating a virtual restoration. This is called reverse engineering. The software sends this virtual data to the milling machine where the replacement parts are carved from ceramic solid blocks or composite resins. Stains and glazes are fired onto the crown surface or a ceramic mill bridge to improve the appearance of a monochromatic restoration. Restoration is then adjusted in the patient's mouth and cemented or tied in place.
As in other fields, manufacturing additives (3D printing) first enter CAD/CAM dentistry in the form of laboratory experiments, but its use has since been expanded; and the use of chairs, although not yet widespread, is progressing.
The CAD/CAM technology in dentistry is mainly used by orthopedic dentists, but the newly developed advanced software allows orthopedic surgeons and implantologists to benefit from advanced options such as customized buffer creation. The new concept of integrated implantology devices also makes it possible to plan implants and apply the plan appropriately using surgical guidance. Combining CAD/CAM software with 3D images from 3D imaging systems means better security and security than any kind of intraoperative error.
Weakness
As a replacement built by machines, CAD/CAM treatments have some aesthetic deficiencies, whether made in dentistry practice or outsourced to dental laboratory fabrication services. They mostly rely on superficial staining to achieve a more natural appearance, unlike hand-lined porcelain restorations, which have deep color due to multi-layering. Depending on your dentist or technician, CAD/CAM restoration can be coated to give a more natural look. However, traditional restorations also vary in aesthetic value. In some layered crowns and bridges, feldspathic porcelain blends with darkened aluminum oxide in glass (alumina) or zirconium-oxide (zirconia) which creates a high-strength, highly aesthetic, and metal-free crown or bridge. In other traditional restorations, the porcelain is plated into metal substructures and often displays color brightness, opaque "lights" and dark oxide lines ("black lines" around the gum line). Because this dark metal substructure is not conducive to natural appearance, metal-free restorations are usually more aesthetically pleasing to patients.
There are also different medical impacts for each recovery technique. If the CAD/CAM restorative material is zirconia, the restoration becomes "radio-opaque", as does metal restorations, blocking x-rays. Only alumina, lithium disilicate and some "radio-lucent" composite resin materials, allowing dentists to track potential decay. Zirconia, conventional porcelain-to-metal, and other traditional gold and all-metal crowns block x-ray radiation, not allowing evaluation over time.
Finally, the accuracy of restoration using CAD/CAM technology is inconsistent as in other dental fabrication processes. Crowns and bridges require a very precise dental support or tooth stump. Scanning and mathematical calculations of topography of the stump surface have limited accuracy, as well as milling with computer-numeric-control (CNC) machines. Fit accuracy varies according to the CAD/CAD system used and from the user to the user. Some systems are designed to achieve a higher standard of accuracy than others and some users are more skilled than others. The current standard requires a precision of less than 10 micrometers Ã,/span>, which means the deviation from the "conformity" is less than 0.01 millimeters (0.00039 in). Currently, CAD/CAM and handmade dental processes can not consistently achieve such accuracy. Only "electrophoretic deposition" of a glass-aluminum-infiltration oxide process can consistently produce a coveted micrometer match of Ã, .
List of CAD/CAM dental software products
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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