A yett (from Old English and Scottish words for "gate") is a gate or grille of wrought iron bars used for defense purposes in palaces and home towers. Unlike portcullis, which is raised and lowered vertically by mechanical means, yuck is hung by means of traditional gates or doors, and secured with bolts attached to yett, or with long rods pulled out of walls or gates.
Video Yett
Geographic distribution
Yetts is mostly found in Scotland - where most of the towers, especially newer ones, are equipped with them rather than being transported back - but some iron gates are found in the English Border county. While some references to yetts exist outside Scotland, the English report of 1416 at Roxburgh Castle (later in English hands) contains recommendations for the insertion of iron gates. Yetts is not limited to one county or district in Scotland, but is widespread throughout.
Similar grille constructions, often also referred to as yetts, are used in Scotland over windows and other openings. These usually remain in place, often set to poles, frames and sill.
Maps Yett
Origin and use
The earliest references to dates from the 14th century yet. The Rolls Exchequer of 1377 refers to the "faux iron gate", part of the defense for the David Tower at Edinburgh Castle. Yetts also appeared in another palace at about the same time. Craigmillar, built shortly after 1374, is said to contain yett, and Doune Castle (around 1380) still retains its original leafy yett; yett similar double leavings are present in Balvenie, but his age is uncertain. In the 15th century, yett and window grating has become a standard feature in Scottish castles and towers.
The yett is often used as a cheaper alternative to portcullis, because it is simpler in concept, less practical and more practical. However, it is also used in more complex defense settings. The 14th century castle in Doune, in Perthshire, has a portcullis at the main gate equipped by yett, with a second yett at the far end of the bailey from the hall. Each yetts has two leaves, with a goal gate inserted into one of the foliage. Usually, yett will be placed behind a wooden door, providing additional security if the outside door is burned.
Being a defense structure, royal warrants are needed before yett can be added to any home or palace. These are often issued with other licenses for defense features; for example, in 1501 John Murray of Cockpool was licensed to build towers in Comlongon with machines and "irneztteis and windois". Aggressor might try to remove yetts: in February 1489 Hepburns at Stirlingshire brought action against Grahams who had taken the iron yett of Bruce's Tower to gain possession.
Following the Crown Unity in 1603, various attempts were made by the government to control the chaos and revive at the border. In November 1606 it was recognized that one of the obstacles in the administration of justice in the region was the power of the houses. Consequently, the Advisory Council has ordered that all yetts be removed from all their lesser-owned homes than the barons.
Construction
In Scotland, yett is traditionally created using "through and through" constructions, with both horizontal and vertical bars both alternately woven around or through one another, creating structures that are almost impossible to dismantle. The grille is left open. The usual method is to build yett in the quadrant with all the bars in a quadrant passing either vertically or horizontally through the marital bar as shown in the photo. The construction method for this gate is not visible outside Scotland, although the window grille built in this way is found in northern Italy and Tyrol.
Scars in traditional Scottish style in Tyrol in the 15th century, and a similar window grille were seen a century later in Venice, especially the 16th-century Palazzo Ducale (although the bars are somewhat larger than those used in Scotland). It looks like the plane was spreading south from Tyrol to the Venetian Republic, but there was very little connection to Scottish technology before, although there was some trade between Scotland and Germany.
The grate iron door was found in England, but was built using a different method. For the English-style gates, all vertical bars are passed in front of the horizontal bar, and are fixed or fixed in place; spaces are filled with oaks, making the gates solid. One exception, however, was built using the Scottish method: yett from Streatlam Castle, now held at the Bowes Museum. Streatlam was rebuilt by Sir George Bowes after the destruction of the 16th century; The Bowes family has connections in Scotland, which may inspire yett construction.
Because the yetts are very heavy, and there is little evidence to suggest that they were made prefabricated, perhaps many were made locally rather than being transported in large distances, either by local blacksmiths or mobile specialists. However, the yetts grilles and royal court windows of Scotland were made to measure in the clever of royal artillery in Edinburgh Castle and transported to homes such as the Falkland Palace, Hamilton Palace and Linlithgow Palace, and some to Stirling Castle made at Linlithgow. Conventionally, the window grille is built into stone windows.
Cost
Some pricing data for the comparative cost of the yetts persist in the old account. In 1515, Robert Scott, his blacksmith, his brother and workers paid Scots £ 7-8s to work at Yetts for Hume Castle. Iron itself is worth 17-6 pounds with a coal worth  £ 1. Records show that the yett built in 1568 for Kilravock Castle by local smith weighs 34 miles,  £ 3, and costs £ 34-3s-9d and " three bolls to eat, ane stane butter, and steal ane cheese. "
Note
References
- Christison, David (1883) "At the door of the Grated Iron of the Castle and the Scottish Tower", The Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , Vol. 17, pp.Ã, 98-135
- Christison, David (1888) "Additional notice of the yetts, or scarred doors, castles and towers of Scotland", The Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. 22, pp.Ã, 286-320
- HM Paton ed., Masters of Works account for building Royal Castles Scotland , Vol.i, HMSO (1957)
- Coventry, Martin (2001) The Castle of Scotland , 3rd Ed. Scotland: Goblinshead ISBNÃ, 1-899874-26-7
- Maxwell-Irving, Alastair M T; (1994) "Scottish ists and windows-lattice", The Proceedings of Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Vol. 124, pp.Ã, 433-454
- Morris, Marc (2003) Castle: A History of the Medievally Medieval Buildings , London: Pan MacMillan ISBNÃ, 0-7522-1536-1
- Toy, Sidney (1985) Citadel: Construction and Their History, USA: Dover Publication, ISBN 0-486-24898-4 (First Published in 1939 by Wm Heinemann, London, as > Castle : A Brief History of Fortifications from 1600 BC to AD 1600 )
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