Film glass is a thin laminate film that can be mounted onto the interior or exterior surfaces of glass in cars and boats and also for interior or exterior glass in homes and buildings. These are usually made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic polymer resins of the polyester family, due to their clarity, tensile strength, dimensional stability, and the ability to receive various treatments applied on the surface or embedded.
Film glass is generally categorized by their construction components (dyed, pigmented, metallized, ceramic or nano), for the purpose of use (automotive, marine or architectural), by type of substrate (glass or polycarbonate), and/or by its technical performance (privacy, solar control, safety and security).
Film glass is usually installed by a professional service company but there is also D.I.Y. kits are widely available.
The International Window Film Association, founded in 1991, provides unbranded information about window film.
Video Window film
Usage
There are many different grades, shades, colors, and film thicknesses that are built to offer solutions to a variety of challenges. Film glass is an enhanced retrofit for existing glass that can be used to overcome the inherent problem of glass, including:
- heat and glare reduction
- thermal insulation
- UV Filtering
- security and security
- privacy
- decorations, signage, and branding
- protection from graffiti.
Film glass is a very cost-effective method of reducing heating and cooling costs in existing buildings by reducing the amount of heat transfer through glass.
Maps Window film
Primary property
Heat rejection films are usually applied to the inside of flat glass windows to reduce the amount of infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet (UV) coming into the window. Such films are usually dyed or metalized (which can be transparent to visible light) to convert incoming solar radiation to infrared radiation, which is then rejected back through the glass to the exterior. Modern film glass technology has created non-metallic and non-metallic ceramic window films that can cause color changes. Ceramic and metallic ceramic films typically cost 50-100 percent more than ordinary window glass but can reduce energy transmission by up to 80 percent. Ceramic film glass is slightly more expensive but provides a large increase in blocking UV rays and the ability to control heat transfer.
To keep the sun's heat out of the house, low emissivity coatings should be applied to the outer panes of the glass windows. If the window is designed to provide heat energy in winter and keep the heat inside the house (typical of cold climates), low emissivity coatings should be applied to the inner panels of the glass windows. Such films also reduce the amount of visible and ultraviolet radiation entering the window, and are often used to reduce the fading of a room. Silver films can also be used for the same purpose. Spectral selective film acts by blocking certain wavelengths of solar infrared radiation and rejecting heat without reducing natural light.
Security films are applied to the glass so that when glass breaks, the glass is shielded, prevents dangerous flying fragments, or makes it more difficult for intruders to enter. Usually applied to commercial glass, these films are made of large plastic and are intended to maintain the integrity of the glass when exposed to heavy impacts. The most powerful security films are able to prevent fragmentation and production of harmful glass shards from forces such as bomb blasts. Some companies have even experimented with ballistic bullets and several layers of security films. Another key application for security screen film (window film safety) is on a large area of ​​"flat glass" such as storefronts, sliding glass doors, and larger windows that are prone to storm damage. This safety film, if properly applied, can also provide protection for the vehicle. These security films are often dyed and can reach 400 micrometers (Âμm) thick, compared to less than 50 Âμm for regular color film. If anchored properly, they can also provide protection for architectural glass in case of an explosion. The film layer (with a thickness of 100Ã,Âμm or greater) can prevent the exposure of sharp objects when the projectile impacts its surface, which otherwise creates small fragments such as daggers that can cause injury.
Movable films can be switched from opaque to clear with a secure voltage below 36V AC. In its opaque state, it can be used perfectly as a projection screen that can be viewed from both sides. Replaced 3G films also have UV blocking function (100%) and IR (94%) and security functions.
Graphic design films are generally vinyl or opaque. Finish opaque films are very similar to sandblasted or acid-scratched glass, while vinyl films are available in various colors. Both types of films are commonly used in commercial applications.
Film privacy reduces visibility through glass. The privacy film for commercial and residential flat glass applications can be colored silver, offering a loose view of the low light side but hardly any view from the high light side. It may also be blurry, making the window transparent but not transparent. The privacy film for cars is available in a dark gradient, with darker shades known as "limo tint".
Applied film glass can create a one-way mirror. Note that to be effective, the difference in light should be from 6 to 10 times greater to maintain the intended performance. For example, the buildings in the city, during the day are hard to see, at night anyhow, they can be seen easily and if the lights are lit in the interior room it is easily seen along with its contents.
Other benefits include protection for passengers behind the car, protection from UV rays (which have some harmful effects), pet cooling, greater privacy, reduced the possibility of theft (due to less noticeable items), reduced glare and reflections on liquid crystals display (LCD) display, and protection for those with conditions that involve photo sensitivity or skin sensitivity, such as lupus (SLE). Glass films are also considered more effective and practical than piercing curtains.
UV filtering to reduce fading
Protection from UV rays can be achieved by films that only cover the UV spectrum. Since UV is one of the main sources of fading, it can extend the life of equipment and equipment. The base of the colorless colorless film refuses (absorbs) some UV radiation up to 380 nm, and depending on the manufacturer, UV inhibitors are added to the polyester, with specialist films that offer up to 400 nm protection. Color film is required for protection up to 500nm.
Film glass filters more than 99% UV light up to 380 nm, reducing the main factor in fading. However, additional factors such as solar heat, visible light, moisture, and the presence or absence of chemical vapors also contribute to fading. Therefore, the greatest protection of fading is offered by colored or metallised film glass that rejects large heat levels and visible light, in addition to UV.
Selection of window film
Not all movies are suitable for all glass. Absorption of glass and film, panel size, glass thickness, window construction should be considered in one panel, insulated glass, treated (with low emissivity coating), laminated or toughened.
Advice on choosing the right film for glass is essential to ensure that glass is not cracked as a result of thermal stress. However, it is possible that the glass panels may break after a suitable film application, since the panels have been damaged during window glazing, or as a result of building movement or other physical stress not visible at the time of film application.
Glass may crack after application of marking or if thermal and heavy curtains are thermally suspended near the glass, especially if the edge of the glass is damaged.
The possibility of glass damage that occurs after the application of film or the writing of signs or curtain hangings, is very small. However damage can occur and it is impossible to predict the glass edge condition without removing it from the frame - an impractical approach.
Thermal property
Heating and cooling systems have energy costs, and window films can be used to improve building insulation. Modern windows with low-solar-gain glass do not require retrofit film, but since most existing windows do not have low solar thermal gain, the film glass makes much sense as an increase in retrofit energy. They can provide thermal comfort and are one of the most competitive and environmentally friendly energy repairs, especially in hot and mixed climates.
Unwanted features
Under certain conditions, window film will show the color game also known as Thin Film Interference (TFI) and famous in the Aviation industry. This phenomenon usually occurs at night, when the source of lighting inside the building is a fluorescent lamp. The amount of iridescence can vary from almost invisible to highly visible. This most often occurs when the film is built with scratch-resistant protection. When color games occur in window film, the best way to stop them is to prevent fluorescent light from illuminating the film or using alternative types of light.
Building use
The window color can be used in applications such as store front windows, office block windows, and home windows. This is often done to improve privacy, and lower heating and cooling costs. Window tints are used in some energy-efficient buildings.
Film glass is also used to apply transparent graphics to glass and other transparent surfaces, to provide advertising, branding, nameplate, and decoration. The transparent graphics are most often applied by using a perforated film glass with visible graphics from one side but not the other side, which remains visible though. Wrapping a vehicle on a bus may be the most extensive application of transparent graphics.
Certification and standards
Thick film glazes known as safety and safety window films are designed to work under extreme conditions, and therefore there are special standard criteria to be met by these films, such as the American ANSI Z.97 standard, CPSC 16 CFR 1201, Cat II (400 ft-lb), and British Standards BS 6206 (Class A, B, C). The European Committee for Standardization offers the EN12600 Standard of Glass Resilience Classification to Impact. Often, building codes dictate that a movie must have a report proving that it has met at least one of these standards.
Solar film glass is usually subject to less critical testing. However, standards exist to maintain the level of quality in the industry. The standards of ANSI ASTM E903 and ASTM D1044-93 relate to the nature of solar/UV transmission and abrasion resistance, respectively. Larger film glass manufacturers use this standard to ensure the quality of their raw materials and finished products.
Rules for automotive use
Tinting car windows reduce "Visible Light Transmission" (VLT) through car windows. This can be a problem at night, or when the rider should be able to see through the windows of other vehicles to find danger. The police may also want to be able to identify passengers in the vehicle. Therefore, in many jurisdictions, there are laws to limit the darkness of tinting.
Factory Color
The "factory color", which is made at the time of manufacture is generally not the applied film, but is done by coloring the inside of the glass with the darkened pigment; an electrical process known as "deep dipping." Pigments give color to the glass, but do not provide UV light protection or heat rejection as do most window films. The average VLT of factory color is between 15% -26%.
Rules by country
- Australia - In New South Wales, the Road and Traffic Authority allows VLT of 35% for all windows. Tint on the windshield - a band at the top is allowed with a depth of no more than 10% of the depth of the windshield. Exclusions for side & amp; the rear window color regulation applies to colored cars before 1 August 1994.
- Belarus - Any type of window color is illegal. Exceptions were made for the color of the factory in vehicles purchased before 1 April 2006. Also excluded were cash collecting vehicles, KGBs and certain officials.
- Canada - Car tinting laws are established at the provincial level.
- India - The rules governing colored glass are defined in The Motor Vehicles Act 1988, which states that the windshield should be 70% VLT and all other windows are limited to 50% VLT. On April 27, 2012, India's Supreme Court ordered all black films to be removed.
- Italy - The window color is allowed in the rear window and rear glass only, with no movie graduation limit. Professional installer certificates are also required, and it is necessary to keep looking at the brand and homologation numbers of movies in windows.
- Malaysia - Transport Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai launched the Mechanization of Movement Standard Tintasi Vehicles Malaysia, MS2669 on all staining windows on newly registered vehicles starting January 1, 2018. VLT levels are currently allowed 70% for windshield, 50% for front side windows, and 30% for rear side windows and rear screen.
- Malta - Malta Transport Authority Allows VLT of 70% in Front Side window. Tint on the windshield - a band at the top is allowed with a depth of not more than 100mm from the depth of the windshield. 30% in back and side windows.
- New Zealand - The NZ Transportation Agency specifies that private vehicles must have at least 35% VLT after the film is applied. Side and rear windows; including windows next to the driver; allowed full coverage. The front windshield may have an anti-glare band not lower than an extended solar visor. There is no short rule for sunroof. There are exceptions to factory-colored glass, which may be any VLT level. Also, commercial goods vehicles are allowed at any VLT level on the windows behind the driver, provided the driver has adequate back vision through a side mirror.
- Russian - The window color limit is specified in GOST 5727-88. The limit is 75% for the windshield (darker lines no wider than 10 cm are allowed at the very top) and 70% for front side windows. Back window coloring is not set. But in practice, bribes are often used to pass inspections or avoid street police tickets even with illegal colors.
- United Kingdom - Regulations set forth by the Vehicle and Service Agency under the Road Vehicle Regulations (Construction and Use) 1986 stipulate that all front windows in front of post B may have not less than 70 percent VLT. The windscreens are only left colored outside the sweep of the windshield wiper to a maximum of six inches from the top of the windshield. British police are increasingly cracking down on illegal tinting on vehicles even though window tints are not checked on annual MoT tests.
- United States - each state has a different permitted color limit measured on the front-side window. This ranges from low VLT 24% in Washington, to 88% in California, with less restrictive restrictions common to windows on the rear of the vehicle. Full details on glass laws and stickers can be found on the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration website.
See also
- One way mirror
- Smoky glass
- Smart glass
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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