Wig is a head cover made of human hair, animal hair, or synthetic fibers. The word wig is short for periwig and first appeared in English around 1675. Some people wear a wig to disguise baldness; wigs can be used as an alternative less intrusive and less expensive than medical therapy to restore hair.
Video Wig
History
Ancient usage
In Egyptian society men and women generally have hair shaved clean or cut short and often wear wigs. The ancient Egyptians created a wig to protect the shaved head and hairless from the sun. They also wear a wig over their hair using beeswax and resin to keep the wig in place. Rich Egyptians will wear elaborate wigs and scented animal fat cones on their wigs. Other ancient cultures, including Assyria, Phoenicians, Jews in ancient Israel, Greece and Rome, also used the wig as a daily mode.
In China, the popularization of wigs starts from spring and autumn.
In Japan, the upper class who wore the wigs started from before the Nara period.
In Korea, gache was very popular among women during the Goryeo dynasty until it was banned in the late 18th century.
the 16th and 17th centuries
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the use of wigs became unused in the West for a thousand years until they were revived in the 16th century as a means of compensation for hair loss or enhancing one's personal appearance. They also serve a practical purpose: unhygienic conditions at the time meant that hair pulled on hair lice, a problem that could be greatly reduced if natural hair was shaved and replaced with artificial artificial hair that was more easily torn. Veil hoods are also used with similar precautions.
Imperial protection is essential for the wig's resurrection. Britain's famous Queen Elizabeth I wore a red wig, tightly and intricately cuddled in "Roman" style, while among Louis XIII's men from France (1601-1643) began pioneering wigs in 1624 when she began prematurely to experience baldness.. This mode was largely promoted by his son and successor Louis XIV of France (1638-1715), who contributed to his spread in European and European countries.
Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced to the English-speaking world with another French style when Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, after a long exile in France. This wig has a shoulder length or longer, mimicking the long hair that has become fashionable among men since the 1620s. Their use soon became popular in British courts. The London writer Samuel Pepys recorded a day in 1665 that a barber had shaved his head and that he tried on a new periwig for the first time, but within a year of the outbreak he was anxious about wearing it:
"September 3, 1665: Up and down, wearing my color silk suit, very nice, and my new periwig, bought a good while, but darst did not wear it because the plague was in Westminster when I bought it And it's a wonder what became fashionable after the outbreak was done for the periwigs, because no one would dare to buy hair for fear of infection? That it has cut off the heads of people who died from the plague. "
The wig has no other flaws, as Pepys noted on March 27, 1663:
"I did go to the Swan, and there it was sent to Jervas my old periwig maker and he brought me a periwig, but it was full of flea eggs, so I had trouble seeing it (it was an old mistake) and did send him to clean it."
With a wig almost mandatory dress for men with social rank, wig makers get considerable prestige. A wig-making guild was established in France in 1665, a development that was soon copied elsewhere in Europe. Their work is skilled because the 17th century wig is very complicated, covering the back and shoulders and flowing in the chest; Not surprisingly, they are also very heavy and often uncomfortable to wear. Such wigs are expensive to produce. The best examples are made from natural human hair. Horse and goat hair is often used as a cheaper alternative.
18th century
In the 18th century, male wigs were powdered to give them a distinctive white or white-white color. Women in the 18th century do not wear wigs, but wear a haircut style supplied by artificial hair or hair from other sources. Women especially powder their hair is gray, or blue-gray, and from the 1770s onwards never white like a man. Wig powder is made from finely ground pungent starch with orange flower, lavender, or orris roots. Wig powder is sometimes purple, blue, pink or yellow, but most often used as off-white.
Wig powder (male) and natural hair powder with extra hairpieces (ladies) become important for dress full of opportunity and continue to be used until almost the end of the 18th century. The intricate shape of the wig worn on the coronation of George III in 1761 was disparaged by William Hogarth in his engraving the Five Periodic Commandments. Powder wigs and extensions are messy and uncomfortable, and the development of white wigs without white or off-white (made of horsehair) for men makes wig retention in daily courts wearing practical possibilities. In the 1780s, young men set fashion trends by dissolving their natural hair, as women have done from the 1770s onwards. After 1790, both wigs and powders were reserved for older men, more conservative, and used by women presented in court. After 1790 British women rarely flavor their hair.
In 1795, the British government collected tax on hair powder from one guinea per year. This tax effectively led to the demise of both modes for wigs and powders. Granville Leveson-Gower, in Paris during the winter of 1796, at the height of the Thermidorian Directory, noted "The word
Among the women in the French court of Versailles in the mid-18th century, large, complicated and often wig-themed (like stereotypical "pouf boats") became fashionable for women. This combed hair extension is often very heavy, weighted with pomade, powder, and other ornaments. By the end of the 18th century, these styles (along with many other indulgences in court life) became a symbol of the decline of French nobility, and for that reason quickly became obsolete from the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789.
During the 18th century, male wigs became smaller and more formal with some professions that adopted them as part of their official costumes. This tradition persists in some legal systems. They are routinely used in various countries in the Commonwealth. Until 1823, the bishops of the Church of England and the Church of Ireland wore ceremonial wigs. Wigs worn by lawyers were the preferred style at the end of the 18th century. The judge's wigs, in everyday use as court suits, are short as barrister wigs (albeit in slightly different styles), but for ceremonial judges and also senior barristers (QC) wear full-fledged wigs.
the 19th and 20th centuries
Wearing the wig as a symbol of social status was largely abandoned in the United States and the newly created France at the beginning of the 19th century. In the United States, only four presidents from John Adams to James Monroe wore a curly powder wig tied in lines in line with the old style of the 18th century. Unlike them, the first president George Washington never wore a wig; instead, he powdered, curled up and tied in his own long hair queue.
The famous person born recently to be depicted wearing a powder wig tied up in a queue in this old way is Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia (born 1779, depicted in 1795).
Women's wigs are developed in somewhat different ways. They were worn from the 18th century onwards, although at first it was only quiet. The full wigs of the 19th and early 20th centuries were not fashionable. They are often worn by old women who lose their hair. In this movie Tuan. Skeffington (1944), when Bette Davis had to wear a wig after diphtheria, it was a moment of sadness and a symbol of her weakness.
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, hairdressers in England and France did a brisk business of supplying postiches, or previously made small wiglets, curls and fake breads to put in style hair. The use of postiches did not diminish even when female hair grew shorter in the decade between 1910 and 1920, but they appeared to have been out of fashion during the 1920s. In 1960 a new type of synthetic wig was developed using a modacrylic fiber that made the wig more affordable. Reid-Meredith is a pioneer in the sale of these types of wigs.
Maps Wig
Military wig
From the late 17th century until the early 19th century, European troops wearing uniforms more or less imitated civilian mode at the time, but with additional military. As part of the uniform, the officers wore a wig better suited to the drawing room in Europe than the battlefield. The late 17th century saw officers wearing full-colored, full-colored wigs, but the civil changes became shorter, powdered styles with pigtails at the beginning of the 18th century saw officers adopting similar styles. However, the overly large court style of the late 18th century was not followed by soldiers on the ground, as they were impractical to withstand the rigors of military life and the simpler wigs worn.
While officers usually wear their own short hairs under powder wigs, rank and infantry files are not given such luxuries. Instead of wigs, the men grew their hair long and in accordance with the prevailing fashion in the army of a country, the hair was allowed to grow long with simple modeling, as in the 1740s, or more complicated troops like in Prussia and British troops. In the case of the British army of the 1740s, contemporary art shows that they cut their hair short, which is not so. Instead, the men use fat or other fat to lubricate the hair, which is then shaped into pigtails and tied back to the scalp to give the impression of short hair. It was then freely sprinkled with lime powder to give the impression of a powder wig. Later in the century, hair was also tied back, oiled and powdered, but wigs were adopted, kept in a tubular queue and tied back with ribbons to the soldier's own hair. The overall effect is a wig with a long tail and a bow. The Prussian Army took personal hair styles to extremes during the time of Frederick the Great, every soldier generally had a long tail that hung on his back to the waist.
In contrast, in the 1780s, the Russian General Potemkin hated the tight uniforms and the uncomfortable wigs and the bangs hair worn by his soldiers and incited a complete revision of both. Along with comfortable, practical, and convenient uniforms, his reforms introduce a neat and natural hairstyle for all, with no wigs, powders and grease, or clear hair ties.
The formal military hair style lasted until the end of the 18th century and it was the French Revolution that spelled the end of wigs and powders, hairstyles smeared in modern Western armies. Spinning hair and pigtails make its return during the reign of Napoleon, worn by infantry from the Foot Grenadiers and Foot Chasseurs of the Old Guard and Horse Grenadiers of the Guard.
Merkin
Merkin is a pubic wig often used as a decorative item or for theatrical and fashion purposes. They are sometimes viewed as erotic and some designs are meant for entertainment or as a form of comedy.
Current use
In Britain, most Commonwealth countries, and Republic of Ireland special wigs are also used by certain lawyers, judges, and parliamentary and city or civilian officials as office symbols. Hong Kong lawyers and judges continue to wear a wig as part of the court's clothing as a result of the old jurisdiction of Commonwealth Countries. In July 2007, a judge in New South Wales, Australia decided to stop using the wig in the NSW High Court. New Zealand lawyers and judges have stopped wearing wigs except for special ceremonial events such as the opening of Parliament or newly qualified barrister calls to the bar. In Canada, lawyers and judges do not wear wigs.
A number of celebrities, including Donna Summer, Dolly Parton, Sia Furler, Katy Perry, Melanie Martinez, Lady Gaga, Diana Ross & amp; The Supremes, Tina Turner and Raquel Welch have popularized the wig. Cher has been wearing all kinds of wigs in the last 40 years - from blond to black, and curly to straight. They can also be used for fun as part of a costume (wearing a costume), when they can be strange or made out of tinsel. They are quite common in Halloween, when "rubber wigs" (balding hats like bald hats, shaped like hairs), are sold in some stores.
Jewish law requires married women to cover their hair for reasons of modesty (tznius). Some women wear a wig, known as sheitels, for this purpose. Orthodox Jewish women such as the Haredi Ultra-Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish women will often wear human hair wigs. Modern Orthodox Jewish women will usually wear hats, but show the bottom of their hair. And, according to Torat Eretz Yisrael and Minhagei Eretz Yisrael, it is preferable for a married Jewish woman to expose her hair rather than to wear a wig, since the wig actually increases the appeal of the public sphere and encourages the idea that Halakha is irrational and intellectually incapable honest.
Wigs are used in film, theater, and television. In the Japanese film and Jidaigeki television genre, wigs are widely used to change appearances to reflect the Edo period when most of the stories occur. Only a few actors starring in big budget movies and television series will grow their hair so that it may be cut to hair style, and not using a wig.
Wigs are worn by a few people every day or sometimes in everyday life. This is sometimes done for convenience reasons, because the wig can be styled beforehand. They are also used by individuals who experience hair loss due to medical reasons (most often cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or those suffering from alopecia areata).
Some men who do crossdress when women wear a wig with different styles make their hair look more feminine.
Picture gallery
Producing
In the 18th and 19th centuries, wig makers called perruquiers, There are two methods of attaching hair on a wig. The first and oldest is weaving the tip of the hair root to a stretch of three silk threads to form a kind of edge called "feed". Wefts are then stitched onto a foundation made of nets or other materials. In modern times, wefts can also be made (weft is a vertical woven yarn, feed yarn is horizontal yarn) with a specially adapted sewing machine, reducing the amount of labor involved. In the 19th century another method came into use. A small hook called a "ventilation needle" or "binding needle", similar to a hooked hook used to decorate a cloth with a stitch-sewing chain in that period, is used to tie a few strands of hair right then to the appropriate base. ingredients. This new method produces a brighter and more natural wig. High quality special wigs, and those used for film and theater production are usually done in this way. It is also possible to combine the two techniques, using feed for the main part of the wig and ventilated hair at the edges and parts to give a good finish.
Measurement
Creating a custom wig begins with measuring the subject's head. Natural hair is arranged in a flat curl with the head when various measurements are made. This often helps to create a pattern of transparent adhesive tape layer applied over a plastic wrapping sheet, where the natural hairline can be traced accurately. These measurements are then transferred to a "block", a canvas of wood or cork canvas forming the same size and shape as the client's head.
Foundation
Depending on the style of the wig, the foundation is made of nets or other materials, different mesh sizes and textures are used for different parts of the wig. Edges and other places may be trimmed and reinforced with narrow bands called "gallons". Sometimes a silk or synthetic leather material is applied where it will be seen through the hair in the crown and its parts, and small or elastic bone is inserted to make the wig fit safely. Theatrical, and some good customary wigs have a fine, meat-colored net called "hair lace" on the front that is not very noticeable in wear and allows hair to look as if it came directly from the skin underneath. This is usually referred to as the "front wig lace".
Hair Preparation
Natural hair, whether human or from animals such as goats or yak, should be carefully sorted so that the direction of growth is maintained, root to root, and point to point. Because of the scaly hairstyle rod structure, if a few strands of hair change direction, they will ride the horse toward its neighbor and cause tangles and webbing. The highest quality of hair is never bleached or stained, and has been carefully selected to make sure its direction is correct. This process is called "spinning". For cheaper wigs, this labor-intensive sorting process is replaced by "processing" the hair. Treated with a strong base solution that dissolves the cuticle partially leaving a fine strand. It is then bleached and dyed to the required color and given a synthetic resin finish that partially restores the strength and luster of the now defective hair. Synthetic fibers, of course, are only produced in required colors, and have no direction.
The wig maker will select the type, length and color of hair needed by the wig design and combine it by pulling hair through the erect tooth of a tool like a brush called "hackle" which also removes tangles and shorts or fractures. strands. The hair is placed on one of a pair of short-haired brushes called "brush images" with the tip of the root extending on one side; edge facing wig maker (or well-called, council worker), and a second brush pressed on it so that a few strands can be pulled at a time, leaving the rest undisturbed.
Adding hair
A composed parent wig can have wefts sewn into the foundation by hand, while it is in blocks or, as is common with mass-produced wigs, sewn to ready-made bases by skilled sewing machine operators. The swinging wig (hand crochet) has hair tied directly to the foundation, a few strands at a time while the foundation is tied to a block. With the hair folded over the finger, the wig maker pulls the circle of hair under the net, and then moves the hook forward to capture both sides of the circle. The end is pulled through the loop and the knot is tightened to "single node", or the second loop is pulled through the first before completing for "double node". Typically, larger, but safer double nodes are used in most single wigs and single knots that are less clear on edge and parting areas. An expert wig maker will consider the number of hairs used and the direction of each node to give the most natural effect possible.
It usually takes six hair heads to make a full human hair wig.
Styling
At this point, the hair on the wig is the same length. Wigs should be styled into the desired shape in the same way as ordinary hairdressers.
Pas
The subject's natural hair is again tied tightly in the head and the wig is applied. Each remaining superfluous wiglace is trimmed. Hair clips can be used to secure lace on the hair and sometimes, a skin-safe adhesive is used to attach a wig on bald skin and to hide the exposed lace better. The final touch is done on the hairstyle to achieve the desired effect.
Type of human hair wig
There are two basic types of hair wigs: The traditional machines are woven feed wigs and hand-tied wig lace. The wig suture machine is still the most widely used wig now. Hair is stitched on a stretched feed material and comes with a rear strap to fit a variety of head sizes. These wigs are usually stylish and have no realistic expectations.
The wig lace quickly became one of the most wanted wigs among wig wearers. The illusion of hair growing from the scalp is a feature that makes this wig the best of the best when using wigs. This wig is made with French or Swiss lace. They are made as full lace or the front of the lace with feed back. Each strand of hair is individually sewn into lace material that creates a natural look of hair at the base. This is where the term "bonded hands" comes from.
Hair type is the differentiating factor in human hair wigs. The four main types of hair are used in manufacturing: China or "Malaysia", India, Indonesia or "Brazil", and Caucasian or "Europe". The majority of human hair wigs are made of Chinese or Indian hair, while European hair is considered the most expensive and rare, as most donors come from Russia or Northern Europe, where there is a smaller share of hair donors to the market.
Remy's human hair is considered the best quality human hair because the cuticle remains intact and not stripped away. The preserved cuticle is also aligned in a unidirectional way, which reduces tangles and webbing. It has been carefully separated after collecting from a hair donor to make sure all the cuticles have the same length.
The famous wig designer
- Willy Clarkson, who created the wig for the West End theater show in London
- Nina Lawson, running the Metropolitan Opera wig department from 1956 to 1987.
- Paul Huntley, working from New York, is from London
- Peter Owen, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Peter King, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Terry Jarvis, London, United Kingdom
See also
- Hair extensions
- Hair protesa
- ToupÃÆ' Â © e
References
Further reading
- Ã, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "reprimand". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica (issue 11). Cambridge University Press.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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