Gay language , especially in North American English, has been the focus of many modern stereotypes, as well as sociolinguistic studies. Scientific research has revealed significant phonetic features generated by many gay men and shows that listeners accurately guess the speaker's sexual orientation at a greater rate than chance. One feature of this speech is sometimes known as "bra gay lisp ", although the researchers acknowledge that it is not technically lisp. Research does not support the idea that gay speech fully adopts the characteristics of feminine speech, but, more precisely, it selectively adopts some of these features. Characteristics of gay talk seem to be a way of learning to speak, although their origins and adoption processes by men remain unclear.
Video Gay male speech
English North America
Linguists have tried to isolate precisely what makes gay men English different from other demographers since the early 20th century, usually by comparing them with direct male speeches or comparing them to female speeches. In older works, speech pathologists often focus on high notes among men, in resemblance to women, as a defect. Since the gay community consists of many smaller subcultures, it may not be accurate to assume all gay male statements are under a single homogeneous language category. Gay Gay Cadel
Gay gay is a way of talking stereotypically associated with gay American English speakers, and possibly dialect or other languages. This involves a clear pronunciation of the sibilant consonant (especially and ). The Speech Scientist Benjamin Munson and his colleagues argue that this is not one of the statements of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) (s) and/>/s/. Specifically, gay men are documented as pronouncing /s/ with high-frequency spectrum peaks, a highly negative oblique spectrum, and longer duration than heterosexual men. However, not all gay Americans speak with the term hyp-articulation /s/ (probably less than half), and some men who speak cautiously which identifies as heterosexual also produces this feature.
Vocal
Gay men tend to lower vocals TRAP (except before nasal consonants) and vocals DRESS ; this is specifically confirmed in the study of Native-Central American English speakers. This linguistic phenomenon is typically associated with California's vocal shift and is also reported in a study of a Californian-speaking English gay speaker, which reinforces the same features and also goes to GOOSE and GOAL vowels when talking to friends more than in other speaking situations. The results show that California's regional sounds can be used by gay men for style effects, including for generating "fun" or "partier" persona.
Other Characteristics
Some other speech features are also stereotyped as gay or bisexual male markers: pronounced pronunciation, wide range of tones (high and rapidly changing tones), breathing sounds, extended fricative sounds, and pronunciation /t/ as /ts/ and /d/ as /dz/ (affrication), etc. Research shows that the characteristics of gay speech include many of the same characteristics that other speakers use when trying to speak with special precision or clarity, including overly articulating and expanding vocal space in the mouth.
Perception
In terms of perception, the "gay sound" in the English language of North America is popularly considered to involve the pronunciation of sibilants (/s/, /z/, /?/) with real assibilation, sibilation, hiss, or persistence heart. Frontal, dentalized and negative-oblique articulation of /s/ ("gay lisp" mentioned above) is indeed found to be the strongest perceptual indicator. for listeners of the sexual orientation of male speakers, with experiments revealing that such articulation is perceived as "gay sounding" and "sounds younger".
Gay speech is also widely stereotyped as a female speech. However, on the phonetic basis, research by Benjamin Munson and his colleagues has found that gay men's speech is not simply or categorically mimics the words of women.
In one Canadian study, listeners correctly identified gay speakers in 62% of cases. A Stanford University experiment analyzed the acoustics of eight men (four straight and four gay), which were recorded reading passages, through the listeners' perceptions and assigned these listeners by categorizing speakers with adjectives that fit the common stereotype of gay men. The audience is generally able to correctly identify the speaker's sexual orientation, reflecting the stereotype. However, no statistically significant differences were identified by the listener, if they existed, based on intonation. These findings represent other studies as well.
Another study, examining the duration of a particular sound (/ÃÆ'Â|/, /e?/ and prefix /s/ and /l/), suppressed vocal frequency, sound-onset time of silent aspirate consonant, and disconnection of the final stop consonant. This study found some correlations between speech and sexual orientation traits, but also explained the narrow scope of the study only on certain phonetic features.
Other clerical views
Language and gender scholars Robin Lakoff not only compares gay men with the language of women but also claims that gay men deliberately imitate the latter, claiming that this includes increased use of superlatives, inflection intonation, and lisping. Later the linguist has re-evaluated Lakoff's claims and concludes that this characterization is inconsistent for women, but rather reflects a stereotype that may have social significance and importance but that does not entirely capture the actual use of gender language.
David Crystal's linguists correlate usage among people with "sissy" or "simpering" sounds with a wide range of tones, glissando effects between depressed syllables, use of falling tones and larger ups and downs, vocal sounds and greed , and sometimes more switch to falsetto list. However, studies have not confirmed the intonation quality or the unique tone of gay speech. Some of these characteristics have been described as mimicking a woman's speech and judged as an affront to or disparaging women.
Maps Gay male speech
Other languages ​​
A study of more than 300 Belgian participants, Flemish-speaking men and women, found a "significantly higher prevalence" of "lisp" features in gay men than in other demographics. Several studies have also examined the characteristics of gay talk in Spanish Puerto Rican and other Spanish Caribbean dialects.
See also
References
Further reading
- Crocker, L., & amp; Munson, B. (2006). Characteristics of Gender-Nonconforming Boys Speeches. The Oral Presentation was given at the Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variations in Language, Columbus, OH.
- Mack, S., & amp; Munson, B. (2008). Implicit processing, Social Stereotypes, and 'Gay Lisp'. Oral presentations are given at the annual meeting of the American Linguistic Society, Chicago, IL.
- Mack, Sara; Munson, Benjamin (2011). "Influence/quality/on the rank of male sexual orientation: explicit and implicit size of the" gay lispad "stereotype. Phonetic Journal 40 (1): 198-212.
- Munson, B., & amp; Zimmerman, L.J. (2006a). Perceptions of Sexual Orientation, Masculinity, and Femininity in Speech-Formation-Resintesis. The Oral Presentation was given at the Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variations in Language, Columbus, OH.
External links
- The encyclopedia article on "gay talk" article
- Economist about gay sound
- Beyond Lisping: Switching Code and Gay Speech Styles
- Male voice and perceived sexual orientation: The experimental and theoretical approach
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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