Gardening is the practice of planting and cultivating crops as part of horticulture. In the garden, ornamental plants are often planted for flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; Useful plants, such as root vegetables, leafy vegetables, fruits, and spices, are grown for consumption, for use as a dye, or for the use of drugs or cosmetics. Gardening is considered by many to be a relaxing activity.
Gardening ranges in scale from orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to the housing compound including grass and foundation planting, for plants in large or small containers planted inside or outside. Gardening may be very special, with only one planted species, or involving a large number of different plants in mixed cultivation. It involves active participation in plant growth, and tends to be labor intensive, which distinguishes it from agriculture or forestry.
Video Gardening
History
Ancient
Forest gardening, a forest-based food production system, is the oldest form of gardens in the world. The forest gardens are from prehistoric times along the banks of the forest-covered river and in the wetland of the monsoon area. In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful trees and grape types are identified, protected and improved while unwanted species are removed. Finally, foreign species are also selected and put into the garden.
After the emergence of the first civilization, the rich began to make the park for aesthetic purposes. Ancient Egyptian tomb paintings of the New Kingdom (ca. 1500 BC) provide some of the earliest physical evidence of decorative horticulture and landscape design; they depict a lotus pond surrounded by a row of symmetrical acacia and palms. An important example of an ancient ornamental garden is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon - one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World - while ancient Rome has dozens of gardens.
Ancient rich Egyptians used the garden to provide shade. Egyptians connect trees and gardens with gods, believing that their gods are happy with the park. Gardens in ancient Egypt are often surrounded by walls with trees planted in rows. Among the most popular species grown are palm trees, sycamore trees, cypress trees, bean trees, and willows. These gardens are a sign of higher socioeconomic status. In addition, wealthy ancient Egyptians planted vineyards, because wine was a sign of a higher social class. Roses, poppy flowers, daisies, and slices can also be found in the gardens of the Egyptians.
Assyria is also famous for its beautiful gardens. These tend to be wide and large, some of which are used for hunting games - somewhat like today's game reserves - and others as recreational parks. Cypresses and palms are some of the most commonly planted trees.
The ancient Roman Garden is laid out with hedgerows and vines and contains a variety of flowers - acanthus, cornflowers, crocus, cyclamen, hyacinth, iris, ivy, lavender, lily, myrtle, narcissus, poppy, rosemary and violet - as well as sculptures and sculptures. Flower beds are popular in the courtyard of the rich Romans.
Medieval
The Middle Ages represent periods of decline in gardens for aesthetic purposes, with regard to gardening. After the fall of Rome, gardening was done for the purpose of growing medicinal plants and/or decorations of church altars. The monasteries run the tradition of garden design and intense horticultural techniques during the medieval period in Europe. In general, this type of monastic garden consists of kitchen gardens, hospital gardens, cemetery, forest cave and vineyard. An individual monastery may also have a "green field", a field of grass and trees where horses can graze, as well as gardens or private gardens for funerals, monks holding certain posts within the monastery.
The Islamic gardens were built after the Persian garden model and they are usually surrounded by walls and divided in 4 by creeks. Generally, the park center will have a swimming pool or pavilion. Especially for Islamic parks are mosaics and glazed tiles used to decorate the ruins and fountains built in these gardens.
At the end of the 13th century, wealthy Europeans began planting gardens for leisure and for herbs and vegetables. They surround the garden with walls to protect them from animals and provide seclusion. For the next two centuries, Europeans began planting grass and raising flowers and roses. Common fruit trees in these gardens as well as in some, there is a lawn chair. At the same time, the gardens in the monasteries are a place to plant flowers and medicinal plants but they are also a space where the monks can enjoy nature and relax.
The gardens of the 16th and 17th centuries are symmetrical, proportionate and balanced with a more classic appearance. Most of these gardens are built around the central axis and they are divided into different parts with hedges. Generally, the garden has flowers arranged in boxes and separated by gravel roads.
The garden at the Renaissance is decorated with sculptures, topiary and fountains. In the 17th century, garden knot became popular along with the maze of hedge. At this time, Europeans began planting new flowers such as tulips, marigolds and sunflowers.
The cottage garden
The cottage gardens, which appeared at the time of Elizabethan, seem to come from local sources for herbs and fruits. One theory is that they emerged from the Black Death of the 1340s, when the deaths of so many workers made land available for small huts with private gardens. According to legend of nineteenth-century origin, these gardens were originally made by workers who lived in village huts, to feed them and spices, with flowers planted among them for decoration. Agricultural workers are given architectural quality huts in a small garden - about one acre - where they can grow food and raise pigs and chickens.
The authentic gardens of the yeoman cottage will include honeycomb and cattle, and often pigs and pottery, along with a well. Medieval farmers' cottages are more interested in meat than flowers, with herbs grown for medicinal purposes and not for their beauty. In Elizabethan times, there was more prosperity, and thus more room to grow flowers. Even the early garden cottage flowers usually have practical uses - violet scattered on the floor (for a pleasant aroma and pest keep); calendulas and roses are both interesting and used in cooking. Others, such as sweet william and hollyhock, are fully grown for their beauty.
18th century
In the 18th century, the gardens were laid out more naturally, without walls. This smooth, wavy style of grass, which goes directly to the house, the clumps, the belt and the scattering of the trees and the meandering lakes formed by the invisible small rivers, are a new style in the English landscape, the gardenless garden, which swept almost all the rest of the previously patterned formal style. British parks usually include a lake, a lawn lined with trees, and often contain bushes, caves, pavilions, bridges and stupidities such as temples, Gothic ruins, bridges and other beautiful architecture designed to create a beautiful pastoral landscape. This new style emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread throughout Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical 17th century ÃÆ' la franÃÆ'§aise Garden as the main European gardening style. The English garden presents an ideal natural landscape. They are often inspired by landscape paintings by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and some are influenced by the classical Chinese garden of the East, which was recently described by European travelers. Lancelot 'Capability' Brown's work is very influential. Also, in 1804, the Horticulture Society was formed. The 19th century gardens contain plants like a monkey or pine chile puzzle. This is also the time when garden styles called "gardenesque" evolved. These gardens display a wide variety of flowers in a rather small space. The stone gardens grew in popularity in the 19th century.
Maps Gardening
Type
Housing gardening takes place near the house, in a space called the garden . . Although the park is usually located on land near the residence, it may also be located on the roof, in the atrium, on the balcony, at the window, or on the terrace or vivarium.
Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as parks, public or semi-public parks (parks or zoos), amusement parks, along transport corridors, and around tourist attractions and park hotels. In this situation, gardeners or garden keepers maintain the garden.
- Indoor gardening is associated with the growth of ornamental plants inside the house or building, in the conservatory, or in the greenhouse. Indoor gardens are sometimes included as part of an air conditioner or heating system. Indoor gardening extends the growing season in autumn and spring and can be used for gardening in the winter.
- Indigenous gardening relates to the use of native plants with or without the intention of creating wildlife habitats. The goal is to create parks that are aligned with, and tailored to specific areas. This type of gardening usually reduces water use, maintenance, and fertilizer costs, while increasing the interest of native fauna.
- Water gardening is associated with growing plants adapted to ponds and ponds. Bog Garden is also considered a type of water park. All of these require special conditions and considerations. Simple water parks can consist only of tubs containing water and plants. In aquascaping, the garden is made in an aquarium.
- Container gardening is related to plants that grow in all types of containers either inside or outside the room. Common containers are pots, hanging baskets, and planters. Gardening containers are usually used in the atrium and on balconies, terraces, and roofs.
- HÃÆ'¼gelkultur noticed growing plants in rotting wood piles, as a form of elevated sleeping gardens and in situ composting. English loan word from German, it means "mound of gardens." Toby Hemenway, said the author and teacher Permaculture, considers the wood buried in the trench is also a form of hugelkultur called dead wood. Hugelculture is practiced by Sepp Holzer as a method of forest gardening and agroforestry, and by Geoff Lawton as a method of dryland farming and the greening of the desert. When used as a method of removing large volumes of wood waste and debris wood, hugelculture accomplishes carbon sequestration. It is also an xeriscape form.
- Community gardening is a social activity in which a land area is planted by a group of people, providing access to fresh produce and crops and access to a satisfactory workforce, environmental improvement, a sense of community and a connection to the environment. Community gardens are usually owned by local government or nonprofit.
- Partners share garden landowners with gardeners who need land. These common gardens, usually on the front or back pages, are commonly used to produce food shared between the two parties.
- Organic gardening uses natural, sustainable methods, fertilizers and pesticides to grow plants that are not genetically modified.
Garden features and accessories
There are various features and accessories available in the market for professional and amateur gardeners to train their creativity. It is used to add decoration or function, and can be made from various materials such as copper, stone, wood, bamboo, stainless steel, clay, stained glass, concrete, or iron. Examples include bars, arbors, sculptures, benches, fountains, jars, bird baths and feeders, and garden lighting such as candle lanterns and oil lamps. The use of these items can be part of the gardener's gardening personality expression.
Gardening department and center
Gardening departments and centers mainly sell plants, sundries, and garden accessories, but many are now beginning to hoard outdoor leisure products, such as spas, furniture, and barbecues. Many garden centers now include food spaces, and parts for clothing, gifts, pets, and power tools. There are also a number of online garden centers that now deliver directly to customers' doors.
Comparison with agriculture
Gardening for beauty may be almost as old as farming for food, but for much of history for the majority of people there is no real difference as the need for food and other useful products puts aside other concerns. The small scale, subsistence farming (called hoe farming) is largely indistinguishable from gardening. A patch of potatoes grown by a Peruvian farmer or an Irish small farmer for personal use can be described as a garden or farm. Gardening for the average person evolved as a separate discipline, more concerned with aesthetics, recreation and recreation, under the influence of the rich man's garden. Meanwhile, agriculture has grown (in developed countries) towards commercialization, economies of scale, and monocropping.
With regard to the purpose of producing food, gardening is distinguished from agriculture primarily by scale and intention. Agriculture takes place on a larger scale, and with the production of goods that can be sold as primary motivation. Gardening takes place on a smaller scale, especially for fun and producing items for the family or community of gardeners themselves. There is some overlap between these terms, especially as some concerns over the growth of medium-sized vegetables, often called market gardening, can fall into either category.
The main difference between gardening and farming is essentially one of scale; Gardening can be a hobby or income supplement, but agriculture is generally understood as a full-time or commercial activity, usually involving more land and very different practices. One difference is that gardening is labor intensive and uses very little infrastructure capital, sometimes no more than a few tools, such as shovels, hoes, baskets and watering cans. In contrast, large-scale farming often involves irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers and harvesters or at least ladders, for example to reach fruit trees. However, this difference becomes blurred with the increasing use of electrical appliances in small gardens though.
Partly because of the intensity of labor and aesthetic motivation, gardening is very often much more productive per unit of land than agriculture. In the Soviet Union, half the food supply came from small farmers' garden plots in government-run collective farms, even though they were small. Some argue that this is evidence of the superiority of capitalism, because farmers can generally sell their crops. Others think of it as evidence of a common tragedy, because large collective plots are often ignored, with fertilizer or water being diverted into private gardens.
Monty Don speculates on the atavistic relationship between today's gardeners and pre-modern peasants.
The term precision farming is sometimes used to describe gardening using medium technology (more than tools, less than harvester), especially organic varieties. Gardening is effectively upgraded to feed the entire village of over 100 people from a special plot. The variant is a community garden offering plots for city dwellers; see more at allotment (gardening).
Gardens as art
The design of the park is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, which generally means garden maintenance . Garden designs may include different themes such as immortal gardens, butterflies, wildlife, Japanese, water, tropical, or shade. In Japan, the Samurai and Zen monks are often asked to build ornamental gardens or practice related skills such as the flower arrangement known as ikebana . In 18th-century Europe, rural areas were overhauled by landscape gardeners into formal gardens or garden lands, such as in Versailles, France, or Stowe, England. Currently, landscape architects and garden designers continue to produce artistic creative designs for private garden spaces. In the US, professional landscape designers are certified by the Professional Landscape Designers Association.
Social aspects
People can express their political or social outlook in the garden, intentionally or not. Problems of lawn vs park are played in urban planning as a debate over "soil ethics" that is to determine urban land use and whether hyper-household policies (eg weed control) should be applied, or whether land should generally be left in the wild. In a case of the famous Canadian Charter, "Sandra Bell vs. City of Toronto", 1997, the right to cultivate all native species, even most of the varieties considered to be toxic or allergic, is enforced as part of the right to freedom of expression.
Community gardening consists of a variety of approaches to sharing land and gardens.
People often surround their homes and gardens with hedges. Common fence plants are privet, hawthorn, beech, yew, leyland cypress, hemlock, arborvitae, barberry, box, holly, oleander, forsythia and lavender. The idea of ​​an open garden without a fence may be unpleasant for those who enjoy privacy. The Slow Food movement has been working in several countries to add schoolwork and garden classrooms that can be eaten to schools, for example in Fergus, Ontario, where it is added to public schools to add kitchen classes. Sharing gardens, where urban landowners allow gardeners to grow on their property in return for a share of the harvest, is associated with a desire to control the quality of one's diet, and reconnect with land and society.
In US and UK usage, the production of ornamental plants around the building is called landscape, landscape maintenance or basic record, while international use uses the term gardening for this same activity.
Also gaining popularity is the concept of "Green Gardening" which involves growing plants using organic fertilizers and pesticides so that the process of gardening - or flowers and fruit produced thus - does not affect the environment or public health in any way.
Garden pests
Garden pests are generally plants, fungi, or animals (often insects) involved in activities that are considered undesirable by the gardener. A pest may disrupt the desired plant, disturb the soil, inhibit the growth of young seedlings, steal or damage the fruit, or kill the plants, inhibit their growth, damage their appearance, or reduce the quality of edible or ornamental plants. Aphids, spider mites, slugs, slugs, ants, birds, and even cats are usually regarded as garden pests.
Since gardeners may have different goals, organisms considered "garden pests" differ from gardeners to gardeners. Tropaeolum speciosum, for example, may be regarded as a desirable ornamental garden plant, or may be considered a pest if the seed and begin to grow in an undesirable place. For another example, in grassland, moss can become dominant and impossible to eradicate. In some grasses, mosses, especially moist moss weeds such as Peltigera lactucfolia and P. membranacea, can be difficult to control and are considered pests.
Garden pest control
There are many ways in which unwanted pests are removed from the garden. The technique varies depending on the pest, the purpose of the gardener, and the philosophy of the gardener. For example, snails can be handled through the use of chemical pesticides, organic pesticides, hand picking, obstructions, or just growing snail-resistant plants.
Pest control is often done through the use of pesticides, which may be organic or artificially synthesized. Pesticides can affect the ecology of gardens because of their influence on target and non-target population populations. For example, unintentional exposure to some neonicotinoid pesticides has been suggested as a factor in recent honeybee population decline. Mouse vibrator can prevent the activity of moles in the park.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments