Power window or electric window is a car window that can be raised and lowered by pressing a button or switch, as opposed to using a crank handle.
Video Power window
Histori
Packard has introduced a hydraulic window lift (power windows in the fall of 1940, for the new Packard 180 1941 series car.) In 1941, Ford Motor Company followed with the first power window at Lincoln Custom (only limousine and seven-passenger) The Cadillac has a straight-line power divider (but not a side window) on their 75 series.
Power assist starts from the need and desire to move the convertible top body up and down in some way other than human effort. The earliest power assistance was operated by vacuum and was offered on Chrysler Corporation vehicles, in particular the inexpensive Plymouth convertible in the late 1930s.
Shortly before World War II, General Motors developed a central hydraulic pump for convertible peak work. This system was introduced in 1942 convertible built by GM. Previously, GM had used a vacuum system that lacked the power to handle larger and complex mechanisms (four side windows vs. only two) convertibles.
Chief Engineer of Buick Division, Charles A. Chayne, "... has introduced an electrically controlled hydraulic system into a 1946 Buick converter that provides top fingertip operation, door windows, and front seat adjustments." This system is based on major hydraulic advances made in military weapons in preparation for World War II.
The "Hydro-Electric" system (window, front seat adjustment and convertible top) is standard on the 1947 model. Seat and window support systems are available on modified GM cars (standard on some Cadillac Series 75 models and all Series 60 Specials, commonly called "Fleetwood" started in 1948). The full system is standard only on high-end GM convertibles made by Oldsmobile, Buick, and Cadillac. It's only available as a package; ie electric power windows, front seats, and convertible tops (if any). This feature can be identified in 1948 and then the General Motors model number with "X" at the end, such as the 1951 Cadillac Sixty Special sedan, the 6019X model. The electrically operated hydraulic pump system is shared by Hudson and Packard for models 1948 to 1950. The driver's door contains four keys apart from the remaining individual windows.
Ford also has a similar electro-hydraulic system in the upscale convertible. Mercury and Ford Sportsman convertibles (with wood trim) equipped with power windows on four windows from 1946 to 1948 and Mercury and Lincoln in 1951. The system was used by other luxury car models (Imperial and Packard) until Chrysler introduced all-electric operations on Imperial 1951. The availability of power windows increases with the use of small electric torque motors. General Motors was also followed by a full electric operation in 1954. It included four-way and six-way seats, which were introduced in 1956. Chevrolet introduced the variance of the power front window (only) in the 1954 model. Ford also introduced a full four-door power window inside sedan in 1954. The 1955 Nash "Airflyte" model featured an optional power window.
Electronically operated ventilation windows are available from 1956 in Continental Mark II. Cadillac Fleetwood in the 1960s became standard with front and rear ventilation windows, in addition to standard power side windows, with a total of eight power window controls on the driver's door panel.
Modern heavy duty highway tractors often have options for power window controls; However, this is generally what is referred to as "straight air". That is, the compressed air system used for air brakes is also used for windows. This type of truck has long used a compressed air cylinder for seat height adjustment. In a manner similar to an electro-hydraulic system, compressed air is simply removed to lower the window and/or seat. The compressed air is then inserted into each cylinder to raise the window or seat.
In automatic/light truck installations, there are individual switches in each window and a set of switches on the driver's door or a-frame pillar, so the driver can operate all windows. These switches take many different looks, ranging from heavy chrome plates to cheap plastics.
However, some models such as Saab, Volvo, Mazda, and Holden have used switches located on the center console, where they are accessible to all residents. In this case, the switch mounted on the door can be removed. It also eliminates the need to produce separate door and cable components for left and right drive variants.
Maps Power window
Operation
The power windows usually can not be operated when the car is not running. This is primarily a security feature. It will be simple to allow the power window to operate when the ignition is turned off, but it will also make the car easier to steal. Some systems offer a compromise leaving the applied power to the window until the passenger door is opened when the power of the window is removed.
The hydraulic drive system can lower the window at rest, as the pressure from the hydraulic system is only removed to lower the window. Lifting windows requires electrically operated pumps to operate and introduce pressure on the appropriate cylinders. The system also requires a pressure line for each cylinder (on the door, as well as on certain cars, to the electric chair and convertible power). Because of the complexity, the system can also release fluids.
Many modern cars have a time delay feature, first introduced by Cadillac in the 1980s, called "retained accessory". This allows the operation of windows and some other accessories for ten minutes or more after the machine is stopped. Another feature is the "express-down" window, which allows the window to be lowered completely with one tap on the switch, as opposed to holding down the key until the window shortens. Many luxury vehicles during the 1990s expanded on this feature, to include a "disclosure" on the driver's window, and recently, some manufacturers have added features to all window switches for the convenience of all passengers. This is done by activating the switch until the "click" response is felt.
Power windows has become so common that in 2008, some cars eliminate hand crank windows of all their models. So many vehicles now have a power window that some people no longer understand the common (common) marks of other drivers using their hands to simulate the movement of the window crank to indicate that they want to talk to someone when it stops at the lights or in the parking lot. The 2008 Audi RS4 sold in Europe, however, still has a roll-up window for the rear door although its partner sold in the US has a power window for all doors.
Security
Power windows have been under surveillance after several fatal accidents in which the children's necks have been trapped, causing suffocation. Some designs put a switch on the location on the palm rest where it can be accidentally triggered by a child climbing to where his head is out the window. To prevent this, many vehicles use driver-controlled lock switches, preventing rear seat passengers (usually smaller children) from accidentally triggering switches. It also prevents children from playing with them and pets riding with their heads out the window from activating the power window switch.
Beginning with the 2008 model year, US government regulations require automakers to install power window controls that may not be deliberately activated by children. However, the rule does not prevent all potential injuries on the hands, fingers, or even the child's head, if someone accidentally holds the switch when the window is closed. In 2009, the US auto safety administration tentatively decided not to require that all cars have an automatic reversing window if they feel an obstruction when closing. Proposed terms relate to the automatic window system ("one-touch up"), but most vehicles with this feature already have an automatic reversal. The federal government makes a written contract that all carmakers must make the switch lever (as opposed to a standard rocker and toggle switch) on all new vehicles as of October 1, 2010.
References
External links
- Windows Are Perilous Power (CBS News)
- Fixed Windows Power
- Okay, Karim. "How Power Windows Works." January 29, 2001. HowStuffWorks.com
- Power Window Type
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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