Santa Monica, California , covering past events and significant movements of Santa Monica.
Populasi
- 1880-417
- 1890 - 1.580
- 1900 - 3.057
- 1910 - 7,847
- 1920 - 15,252
- 1930 - 37.146
- 1940 - 53,500
- 1950 - 71,595
- 1960 - 83,249
- 1970 - 88.289
- 1980 - 88,314
- 1990 - 86,905
- 2000 - 84.084
- 2010 - 89,736
Video History of Santa Monica, California
Pra-sejarah
Santa Monica has long been inhabited by Tongva people. Santa Monica is called Kecheek in Tongva.
Maps History of Santa Monica, California
1760s
The first non-native group to set foot in the area was the Gaspar de Portolà penj explorer party, who was camped near the intersection of Barrington and Ohio Street on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the city's naming.. One said that it was named in honor of the feast of Saint Monica (Saint Augustine's mother), but the feast is actually May 4th. Another version says that it was named after Juan CrespÃÆ' because of a pair of springs, Mata Air Kuruvungna (Serra Springs), reminiscent of Santa Monica's tears for his son's initial displeasure.
Regarding the latter, Crespi noted in his diary that the group found Tongva village in the spring (where the SE corner of the University's current high school campus). However, as also noted in his diary, CrespÃÆ' was actually named the place of San Gregorio, while the expeditionary soldiers called him "El Berendo" after their deer were wounded there. The name "Santa Monica" for the spring appeared later. The spring may be called "Santa Monica" at the turn of the nineteenth century, because they do remind entrants who enter from the eyes of a sobbing saint. What is known for certain is that in the 1820s, the name
Still a little curious that the City of Santa Monica (along with canyons, bays, mountains, boulevards, airports, and freeways) is named for natural features that are not actually within its borders. The name for the spring has returned to Kuruvungna ("the place where we are in the sun"), which is what the Tongva People have called them all along. The spring remains sacred to the Tongva People.
1840s
Californios valiantly defended their territory against the expansion of Manifest Destiny from the United States westward during the Mexican-American War. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by Californios. However, in the end, the US won. Mexico signed the Agreement Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios life in certain countries the rights that can not be revoked. The sovereignty of the US government in California began on February 2, 1848.
1870s
The northern part of Santa Monica used to belong to Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica and Rancho Boca de Santa Monica. The Sepulveda family sold 38,409 hectares (155Ã, km 2 ) from Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica for $ 54,000 in 1872 to Colonel Robert S. Baker and his wife Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker. Bandini is the daughter of Juan Bandini, a rich and rich early Californian, and widow of Abel Stearns, who was once the richest man in Los Angeles. Baker also bought half the flowers at Rancho Boca de Santa Monica. Nevada Senator John P. Jones bought a half-interest in the Baker property in 1874.
Jones and Baker divided part of their joint ownership in 1875 and created the city of Santa Monica. The city site overlooks the ocean and is bordered to the northwest near Montana Avenue, southeast of Colorado Avenue and northeast of 26th Street. The streets are all named after the western state, the streets are only numbered. The first lot in Santa Monica was sold on July 15, 1875.
Jones built the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, which connects Santa Monica and Los Angeles, and the jetty into the bay. The first town hall was a simple brick building in 1873, then a beer hall, and now part of the Santa Monica Hostel. It is Santa Monica's oldest old structure.
The southwestern part of the city originally belonged to Rancho La Ballona from the Machado and Talamantes families. Mrs. Nancy A. Lucas bought 861 hectares (3,48 km 2 ) from rancho in 1874 for $ 11,000. This property was cultivated by her children, and a plot of 100 acres (0.40 km 2 ) was sold to Williamson Dunn Vawter for distribution in 1884.
- Santa Monica in the 1870s
- Santa Monica
1880s
Business started to emerge. The city's new business district was originally centered around the current Third Street Promenade. The original street name consists of the number and name of the western state; But Utah eventually became Broadway and Oregon became Santa Monica Boulevard.
In 1885, the city's first hotel, the Santa Monica Hotel, was built on Ocean Ave., between Colorado and Utah in 1885. The hotel was burned in 1887. The 125-room "Arcadia Hotel" opened on January 25, 1887. Named Arcadia Bandini, it was one of the great hotels on the Pacific Coast of his day. This hotel was the place where Colonel Griffith J. Griffith shot his wife in 1903, which led to their divorce and his imprisonment (brief).
The population chose to merge November 30, 1886, and elect the first supervisory board. The original townsite is bordered by Montana Avenue to the north, 26th Street to the east, Colorado Avenue to the south, & amp; Pacific Ocean to the west.
Senator Jones built a house, Miramar , and his wife, Georgina, planted an Ara Moreton Bay tree on the front page in 1889. (The tree is now in the courtyard of the Fairmont Miramar Hotel and is the second-largest tree in California, the largest is a tree in Santa Barbara.)
- Santa Monica in the 1880s
- Santa Monica in the 1880s
1890
When the South Pacific Railroad arrived in Los Angeles, a controversy erupted where to look for a harbor. SP prefers Santa Monica, while others advocate San Pedro Bay. Long Wharf was built in 1893 at the northern end of Santa Monica to accommodate large ships and was dubbed Port Los Angeles. By the time it was built, it was the world's longest pier at 4,700 feet, and housed a train. The plan did not last: San Pedro Bay, now known as Port of Los Angeles, was elected by the United States Congress in 1897. However, Long Wharf acted as a major port of call for Los Angeles until 1903. Despite the disappointing decision of Jones and other property owners, enabling Santa Monica to retain its exquisite charm. The railroad to Santa Monica Canyon is sold to Pacific Electric Railway, and used from 1891 to 1933.
Meanwhile, Abbot Kinney acquired the deed for a beach strip previously purchased by W.D. Vawter and named the area Ocean Park in 1895. It became the amusement park and its first residential project. The racecourse and golf course are built at Ocean Park Casino . After a fight with his colleagues, he focuses on the southern end of the property, which he made into Venice of America.
- Santa Monica in the 1890s
- Santa Monica in the 1890s
1900s
The entertainment dock became very popular in the first decade of the 20th century. The vast Pacific Electric Railroad is easily transported to the beaches of people across from the Greater Los Angeles Area. Competent dock owners are assigning larger roller coasters. The wooden pier turned to flammable, but even the broken columns were soon replaced. There are five docks in Santa Monica alone, with a few more on the beach. The earliest part of the current Santa Monica Pier, which is now the last remaining entertainment dock, was built in 1909 on the so-called North Bay. The second half, an amusement park pier, was built later and two competing docks were combined.
Among the South Bay wharves, the most prominent of this period was Abbot Kinney's Venetian dock, beginning in 1904 and built to rival his former partner, Ocean Park Pier. Located at the end of Windward Avenue in Venice, Kinney wharf is 900 feet long, 30 feet wide and includes Auditorium, a replica of Ship Cafe, Dance Hall, Dentzel carousel, Japanese Tea House and Ocean Inn Restaurant. Venice immediately regarded as its own environment.
The new charter was adopted in 1906 which transformed the city government into a form of Mayor-Council government. Under the new charter, the City Council consists of a Mayor with a veto, and one Council member of each of his seven wards.
Around the beginning of the 20th century, more and more Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village is located near Long Wharf while a small number of Chinese live or work in Santa Monica and Venice. Both ethnic minorities are often viewed differently by the White Americans who are often disposed of well into Japan but humbled against the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen are an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.
- Santa Monica in 1900s
1910s
The Ocean Park Pier burned in 1912. Instead it is the Million Dollar Fraser entertainment dock, which is claimed to be the largest in the world with a length of 1,250 feet and a width of 300 feet. This dock has a spacious dance hall, two merry-go-rounds, delightful homes in Crooked House, Large Electric Railway, Starland Vaudeville Theater, Breaker Restaurant, and a Panama Canal model exhibit. It also burns out in a year.
A new charter was adopted in 1914 that transformed the city government into a commission form. This proved very weak, especially since police commissioners were poorly paid and had no accountability.
Auto racing became popular. Drivers will race along 8.4 miles consisting of city streets. The Free-For-All Race was conducted between 1910 and 1912. The United States Grand Prix was held in Santa Monica in 1914 and 1916, giving the Main Prize of America and the Cup Vanderbilt trophy. In 1919, the event attracted 100,000 people, at which point the city stopped them.
- Santa Monica in the 1910s
1920s
Donald Wills Douglas, Sr founded Douglas Aircraft Company in 1921 with his first factory on Wilshire Boulevard. He built the factory in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport), which was used for 46 years. In 1924, four Douglas-made aircraft took off from Clover Field to try the world's first air travel. Two planes flew back, after traveling 27,553 miles in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, with a crowd of 200,000 (massive forecasts). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept the facility in town until 1975. The entire facility was demolished and removed in 1977.
In 1922, a local newspaper, discussing African Americans, declared, "We do not want you here, now and forever, this is a white man's city."
The national prosperity of the 1920s was felt in Santa Monica. The population increased from 15,000 to 32,000 by the end of the decade. The city center saw an explosion of construction with many important buildings going up like Henshey's Department Store (destroyed) and Criterion Theater . The elegant resort opened, including 1925 Miramar Hotel and 1926 Club Casa del Mar . Company Los Angeles Walker & amp; Eisen designed the art deco Bay City Building, a 13-story skyscraper with a large four-faced clock completed in 1930.
Beach volleyball is believed to have been developed in Santa Monica so far. Duke Kahanamoku brought the game form with him from Hawaii when he took a job as an athletic director at the Beach Club. The competition began in 1924 with a team of six men, and in 1930 the first game with a two-man team took place.
La Monica Ballroom opened in 1924 at the Santa Monica Pier. It was able to hold 10,000 dancers in an area of ​​more than 15,000 square feet (1,400 mÃ, ²). The great storm in 1926 nearly destroyed the dock and ballroom, which required major repairs. La Monica hosted many national radio and television broadcasts in the early days of the network, before it was finally demolished in 1962. From 1958 to 1962 ballroom became one of the largest roller-skating arenas in the west WE
Comedian Will Rogers bought a large farm at Santa Monica Canyon in 1922. Among the improvements was the polo field where he played with Spencer Tracy, Walt Disney and Robert Montgomery friends. After his death, he discovered that he had been generously visited by a public farm now known as Will Rogers State Historic Park, Will Rogers State Park, and Will Rogers State Beach. More recent residents in Santa Monica Canyon have included Christopher Isherwood, Don Bachardy, Jane Fonda, and Tom Hayden (the last two people who previously lived in Ocean Park). The southern edge of the canyon is the oldest residential section of Santa Monica, while most of the canyons are in the City of Los Angeles.
In 1928, Will Rogers sold a parcel with two large mansions on the beach at the base of the cliff to William Randolph Hearst, who then gave it to Marion Davies. Architects Julia Morgan oversaw the construction of what ended up to be $ 7 million, 5-building, 118 rooms Ocean House . Like other fancy Hearst/Morgan projects, the entire room was removed from European antique buildings. Davies is a vibrant and popular hostess and Ocean House sees many big Hollywood celebrity parties. Davies sold the property in 1945 with just $ 600,000 for a failed attempt at a hotel. Most properties were demolished in 1958, leaving only North House with a marble pool and tennis court. The remaining properties are sold to the State of California and leased as private Sand and Sea Club . After the expiry of the 30-year lease in 1990, property management was handed over to the City of Santa Monica. For a short time until the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the City operated the site as a public beach facility. It's also used as a filming location, especially on Beverly Hills, 90210, where it's Beverly Hills Beach Club. The redevelopment of properties has been a political issue in the city since the 1990s. In 2006, the City Council approved plans for the first public beach club, including property rehabilitation and construction of new facilities. The project, now under construction, is made possible by the generous gifts of the Annenberg Foundation, at the recommendation of Wallis Annenberg, and in partnership with the City of Santa Monica and California State Parks. Annenberg Community Beach House in Santa Monica State Beach opened to the public on 25 April 2009. The total development cost is about $ 30 million. The locals managed to force the city to significantly limit its operating hours.
The area around Davies' house is known as Gold Coast . It stretches along the Pacific Coast Highway between Santa Monica Canyon and Santa Monica Pier into fashion in the 1930s for the celebrity beach houses. Following in the footsteps of Rogers and Davies, other actors with homes there include Norma Talmadge, Greta Garbo and Cary Grant. Douglas Fairbanks spent his last years living there. Peter Lawford owned a home there in the 1960s.
Ed Kolpin, Jr., opened a small tobacco, pipe, and cigar shop in Santa Monica, Tinder Box, in 1928. Then moved to his current location in 1948 where he began serving many Hollywood celebrities who live near here. Part of the attraction is the famous handmade pipe by Kolpin himself. In 1959, Kolpin started a tobacco shop franchise, first locally and then in the mid-1960s there were stores all across America. The franchise business was sold in the 1970s, but Kolpin still owns and operates its original store in 2003.
1930s
The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply. One report provided jobs across the city in 1933 for only 1,000. Hotels and owners of bankrupt office buildings. The pleasure of the dock is a form of cheap entertainment that gets cheaper, attracts a rough crowd. Muscle Beach, located just south of Santa Monica Pier, begins to attract gymnasts and body builders who wear free shows to the public, and continues to this day.
In the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica (along with neighboring Los Angeles). This aspect of the city is illustrated in various Raymond Chandler novels that are disguised as Bay City . Chandler's Parting, My Lovely is inspired by the true story of S.S. Rex. Beginning in 1928, the gambling ships began docking in Santa Monica Bay just beyond the 3 mile (5.6 km) limit. Water taxis transport customers from Santa Monica and Venice. The largest ship is S.S. Rex , launched in 1938 and able to hold up to 3,000 gamblers at a time. The Rex is a red flag for anti-gambling purposes. After the Attorney General of the state Earl Warren received a court order to seal the ships as a nuisance, the crew from Rex initially fought the police with a water cannon and held up a sub-machine gun. The less-engined ship gave up after nine days in a newspaper called the Santa Monica Bay Battle . The owner, Anthony Cornero, went on to build a Stardust casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The biggest benefit to the city comes from Douglas Corporation when building a DC-3 commercial airliner. DC-3, which first flew from Clover Field, was a highly successful aircraft that transformed the air transport business and brought the required jobs to the city. In a simpler entrepreneurial show, Merle Norman established his cosmetics business in 1931 by making creams and cosmetics on his kitchen stove. Both his former home and business headquarters of the Streamline 1933 are well maintained.
The Federal Employment Project Administration helps build several buildings in the city, especially the City Hall . The 1938 Art Deco structure was designed by Donald Parkinson and featured terrazo mosaics by Stanton MacDonald-Wright. The Office of Post Office and Barnum Hall (Santa Monica High School auditorium) are among several other WPA projects.
1940s
Douglas's business grew astronomically with the start of World War II, employing some 44,000 people in 1943. In order to defend itself from airstrikes, the designers of Warner Brothers Studios set up an intricate camouflage disguising factories and airfields.
In 1945, Santa Monica City College started a Community Radio Workshop (CRW) to re-teach GI broadcasts and use KCRW calling letters. (Then KCRW became a popular and innovative NPR affiliate.)
The Sears building was built in 1947 at the southern end of the retail district and has retained the true Rowland Crawford architectural style of late-Moderne.
RAND Corporation began as a Douglas Company project in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948. RAND eventually acquired a 15-acre (61,000 mÃ, ²) campus located centrally between the Civic Center and the entrance dock.
In response to the corruption and inefficiencies that grew in the 1930s, the charter is currently enacted in 1946. The municipal government adopted a successful board-manager government.
1950s
Papermate opened its plant in Santa Monica in 1957. The factory produced 600 million pens in 1971 and closed in 2005.
The 3,000-seat Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, designed in International Style by Welton Becket, opened in 1958. From 1961 to 1968 the Academy of Mobile Picture Arts and Sciences held an annual award ceremony Oscar there. Players who have appeared for decades include: Andrà © Previn, Dave Brubeck, Pete Seeger, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, David Bowie, Elton John, Ray Charles, Arlo Guthrie, The Beach Boys , The Carpenters, Bill Cosby, Jonathan Winters, Bob Hope, Allen Ginsberg, The Rolling Stones, T.Rex, Led Zeppelin, Ramones, The Clash, Buzzcocks, Public Enemy and many others. Since the late 1980s the auditorium has been more popular for trade conventions than performances. The Movies The T.A.M.I. Show and Urgh! A Music War was shot there.
Pacific Ocean Park, the last of the big entertainment docks, opened in 1958. While temporarily defeating Disneyland competitors, attendance then fell and in 1967 the park was taken over for a return tax. It sat empty and rotted, did not attract "interesting interference" until it was finally removed in 1974.
Adjacent to Pacific Ocean Park is a rock and roll club, The Cheetah, which features early performances with acts such as The Doors, Alice Cooper, Pink Floyd, Love, The Mother of Invention, The Seeds, Buffalo Springfield and others. It was closed in 1968.
The Synanon drug rehabilitation cult moved to the National Guard building in 1959 and added their strange presence to the area. In 1967 he moved to the Del Mar Club which incandescent until 1978. After that they held a small reward until closing in 1991. http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/the-man-who-fought-cults-and-won - 1634267961. https://www.thefix.com/content/aa-cults-synanon-legacy0009
1960s
The completion of the Santa Monica Toll Road in 1966 brought a promise of new prosperity, albeit at the expense of the Pico neighborhood that has become a prominent West-African-American enclave.
Third Street downtown was transformed into Santa Monica Mall in 1965, an innovative but ultimately unsuccessful development that transformed the core of three retail district blocks into open pedestrian malls. Large parking structures are built, but are rarely filled. In decades, that number has dropped dramatically. (The Santa Monica Mall , shortly before her conversion to Third Street Promenade, is the location for some scenes in the movie, Big Adventure Pee-wee ).
The Douglas factory closed in 1968, depriving Santa Monica of its largest company. A decade passed before the site was rebuilt into an office park. The Flying Museum opened on the same site a few decades later, in 1989.
Bandleader Lawrence Welk built the Champagne Towers apartment and about 300-foot-high (91 m) Lawrence Welk Plaza in 1969. The square is now known as the address, < i> 100 Wilshire , and it is still the tallest building in town.
1970s
During the 1970s, a large number of leading health and fitness related businesses started in the city. Supergo bike shop (originally named Bikecology founded by Susan and Alan Goldsmith as a ten-speed bike shop that opened in 1971, and was ranked the best-selling bike shop in America when relocated from Wilshire Blvd to the 5th corner and Broadway in 1995. And coincidentally working on a bike trail along the beach was done by the city.The Santa Monica Track Club, founded in 1972 by Joe Douglas, has helped many Olympian careers, such as Carl Lewis, Sensei James Field opened a dojo on in 1974, which became one of the premier Shotokan karate schools in the US and is now called the Japan Charity Association (JKA) Santa Monica. Joe Gold, who has sold the Gold's Gyms series many years before, started the World Gym in 1977. Nathan Pritikin opened the Pritikin Longevity Center at the Casa Del Mar building in 1978 after the previous owner of Synanon tried to kill lawyer Paul Morantz by placing rattlesnakes in his mailbox https://www.thefix.com/c ontent/aa-cults-synanon-legacy0009. Ocean Park residents Jane Fonda opened a small aerobics studio on Main Street.
In the late 1970s, progresivism became the dominant political force in Santa Monica. Santa Monicans for Renters' Rights (SMRR) was formed in 1978 and led by Ruth Yannatta Goldway, Derek Shearer, Dennis Zane, and Reverend James Conn with the support of Tom Hayden and Jane Fonda. The Ocean Park Connec (OPCO) Community Organization was formed in 1979 in addition to the Church in Ocean Park, partly in reaction to the rapid pace of change along Main Street. This is the first of what became the nine community organizations that function as environmental supporters. Rigorous lease control procedures were passed in 1979 and SMRR reached the majority of councils in 1981. This has remained largely a political controlling organization ever since.
In 1977, the great American-style "Forssquare" house in 1894, Roy Jones (son of founder John P. Jones) was threatened with destruction. It has been converted into a boarding house and became decrepit. That, together with the contiguous 19th-century house, was rescued relocated to Main Street in Ocean Park and renovated. The Jones family home is home to the Santa Monica Heritage Museum and other homes into a restaurant. The safety of the buildings represents a change in the city.
The late 1970s/early-1980s comedy Three Companies was founded in Santa Monica.
1980s
After the economic downturn of the 1960s and early 1970s, the city economy began to recover in the 1980s. The initial sign of the change is around Ocean Park. Main Street, an old-fashioned chainsaw bar and dilapidated shops selling old furniture, enhanced by the joint efforts of a new generation of owners. Soon it attracted boutiques and increasingly expensive restaurants. At the northern end of Main Street adjacent to the declining Santa Monica Mall, the city block was built in 1980 to build a new mall, Santa Monica Place, designed by architect Frank Gehry. Further south on Main Street, the multi-purpose museum, retail and dining complex, Edgemar - also designed by Frank Gehry - opened in 1988.
While the Santa Monica Pier had been preserved from a deliberate destruction in 1973, it remained poorly maintained. By the 1980s it had become a disease. The area around the pier was filled with poorly built and maintained buildings, which housed biker-bikers and shabby head shops. The dock itself has a dilapidated bar, a strange plaster sculpture shop, and a creepy game arena. The city delayed the repair of breakwaters protecting the docks and so-called "yacht harbors" soon in the north. Studies were made for dock rehabilitation and wave breaking, but they have never been followed up. In 1983 a winter storm, part of the El Nià ± o weather pattern, struck Santa Monica on January 27 and returned on 1 March. The storm destroyed more than a third of the pier, along with shops, bars, cars, and large cranes brought in to begin repairs. Rebuilding the dock is a controversial effort, at a cost of $ 43 million. Finally the work is done and the dock remains the most famous landmark in the city. Three interesting buildings owned by the city are abandoned and destroyed, including Sinbad's Restaurant featuring a large whale tail on the facade.
In the 1980s, the city devised a plan to turn the Santa Monica Mall failed into Santa Monica Promenade. The completed project in 1989 has proven to be a huge success and is a major shopping and entertainment area center. Between 1988 and 1998, taxable sales in the city grew by 440%, municipal revenues quadrupled. Retail rental in the development area also increased fourfold. Over $ 500 million of personal money has been invested into the Promenade and adjacent streets of the Bayside District Corporation business association.
The city opened its Public Electronic Network (PEN) in 1989, providing citizens with bulletin board systems (BBS) to discuss local issues and access municipal services. PEN is the first BBS to be operated in the world in the world. While being plagued by a common illness for BBSes, the site empowers citizens. Partly because of the publicly available terminal placement in the library, the homeless and their problems received considerable attention on the PEN. The SWASHLOCK (Showers, WASHER, and LOCKers) plans developed on PEN and implemented in 1993. PEN also serves as a center for organizing opposition to a 1990 proposal to redevelop 415 PCH .
1990s
The 1990s saw continued development in Santa Monica. The Promenade was caught. Colorado Place , Water Garden , and the development of other nearby offices on the eastern side of the city attracts MGM, Sony, Symantec, and other companies. The Shutters Hotel is the first of several new hotels built between the pier and Pico Boulevard. One of them, Loews , is on the site of the long-forgotten Arcadia Hotel. Casa Del Mar returned to its heyday as a luxury hotel in 1999 after reportedly undertaking a $ 60 million renovation by Shutters Hotel owners. Even the relatively shabby Miramar Hotel found a new advantage with many visits by President Bill Clinton.
In 1994, an old railway station was converted by the city into Bergamot Station, a collection of art galleries that have become centers of art and retail exhibitions.
The 1994 Northridge quake caused the loss of many dwellings and historic buildings, especially on the north side of the city. Other significant damages: St. John's almost collapsed; The moldy Honda of Santa Monica's parking structure destroyed many cars. Overall, 100 buildings were directly criticized, including 3,100 apartments, while much more damaged beyond repair.
The Evening Outlook , which was purchased by Copley Press newspaper network in 1983, was closed in 1998 after 123 years of reported. Reported to have 20,000 paid subscriptions at the time of closing.
MTBE, the main gasoline additive (10% by volume), was found in the city's water wells in August 1995. MTBE was found almost by chance because it was not on the list of known contaminants and acceptable levels have not been established. The municipal engineers must examine the dangers and they raise the alarm. Within a year, five wells were closed, causing a loss of 45% of the city's water supply. One well has a concentration of 600 parts per billion, while the other rises from 14 parts per billion to 490 parts per billion a year. California's EPA guidelines now require no more than 35 parts per billion. The city well field is located in Charnock Sub-Basin, a small aquifer in Mar Vista, Los Angeles used by both Santa Monica and Culver cities. To keep supplies to customers, Santa Monica was forced to buy water from the Southern California Metropolitan Water District (MWD) at a cost of more than $ 1.1 million per year. This site cleanup takes place at a current cost of $ 3 million per year, paid for by the responsible parties, in particular: Shell Oil Company, Chevron, and Exxon. Following this discovery, other water districts started testing that revealed tens of thousands of MTBE contamination cases across the United States. Santa Monica was also booming in business at the time. The state of California enacted a law, effective January 1, 1999, which ruled out Santa Rosa's rent control rule by requiring emptying of vacancies. Landlords are reported to have raised the rental rates so high that the units remain vacant, requiring them to lower their rental rates to a more valuable level. The rental control stays on the unit inhabited, leading to stories of landlords harassing existing tenants to get them going so higher rents can be charged.
2000s
On July 16, 2003, George Russell Weller drove his Buick at speeds of up to 70 miles per hour through the center of the busy Farmer's Market, which was held in a closed city street for vehicle traffic with temporary signage at each end. The 86-year-old rider killed 10 people that day and wounded 63 people, stopping only because the engine and the Buick transmission were clogged by parts of the body. The city is struggling to accept its responsibility in causing death and injury to market customers through a lack of barricades. After many civil suits filed against the City of Santa Monica and the company organizing the Farmer's Market, a new policy was adopted requiring a portable concrete barricade to block vehicle access for street pedestrian activities.
Santa Monica passed a law in 2003 restricting the distribution of food to homeless people in the city. Some organizations deliberately disobey this law.
The increasingly luxurious nature of the city - not just the northern part, is always prosperous, but the southern Ocean Park neighborhood also that has become a favorite of people in the entertainment industry - has created some tension between newcomers and longtime nostalgic inhabitants for more bohemian, past counter culture. However, with the recent addition of companies from Yahoo! (2005) and Google (2006), gentrification continues.
During the 2000s, LA Metro has developed a plan to return the transit train to Santa Monica, which was lost after the disassembly of the Pacific Electric Railway in the 1960s. It has developed two plans, including Metro Expo Line and Metro Purple Line that will be extended to Santa Monica. The Purple line will initially be extended to Santa Monica, but was stopped due to legislative action. However, Democratic Congressman Henry Waxman, one of those who opposed the extension of the Purple Line, recently considered re-extending the Purple Strip to Santa Monica. The proposal to extend the Purple Line has been described everyday as Subway to the Sea. It is estimated that if successful, both channels will operate in the late 2010s.
2010s
On June 7, 2013, mass killings occurred at several locations on or near the Santa Monica College campus. The gunman, identified as a 23-year-old John Zawahri, fired from an AR-15 semi-automatic rifle, killing six people, including himself. The shooting began at the home of Zawahri's father, where he shot dead his father and brother after a domestic dispute, and after that, he set fire to the house. He then confiscated passing vehicles and fired several shots into other vehicles, including city buses and police cars, killing two people and injuring several others. Arriving at Santa Monica College, Zawahri shot and killed a woman outside and then fired 70 shots into the campus library, not hitting anyone. He was then shot in response to police officers after involving them in a gun battle, then died after being taken out.
See also
- List of Santa Monica City Planned Historical Landmarks
- Santa Monica City Council
- Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker
References
- Luther A. Ingersoll, "The History of the Ingersoll Century, Santa Monica Bay City - Replaced with Brief History of the State of California, Brief History of Los Angeles County, 1542-1908; Equipped with Local Biographical Encyclopedia", ISBN 978-1 -4086-2367-1, 2008
- Paula A. Scott, "Santa Monica: A History on the Edge", Arcadia Publishing, ISBN 0-7385-2469-7, 2004
External links
- Imagine Santa Monica - Digital Library Historical Collection Read Santa Monica Library
- Tom Morello, Serj Tankian Break Law To Giving Homeless - MTV.com
- "Social Norms and Implications of Santa Monica PEN (Public Electronic Network)"
- Yakety-Yak, Do Talk Back! Cable magazine article in PEN
- "Ocean Park Forward and Backward"
- American Grand Prix - including racing route map.
- (Tinder Box) Little Shop of Briars
- (Tinder Box) 75-Year Pipe Dream
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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