Hurricane Katrina and storm surges reached the Mississippi coastline on the morning of August 29, 2005. started a two-day destruction road through central Mississippi; at 10 am CDT on August 29, 2005, Katrina's eyes began traveling all over the state, only slowing down because of a storm wind in Meridian at 7 pm. and into Tennessee as a tropical storm. Many coastal cities of Mississippi (and Louisiana) have been eliminated, in one night. Hurricane-strength reaches the Mississippi coast at 2 am and lasts for 17 hours, spawning 11 tornadoes (51 in other countries) and a 28-foot (9 m) storm surge flooded inland 6-12 miles (10-19 km). Many can not evacuate, survive by climbing into the attic or roof of the house, or swim to buildings and taller trees. The worst property damage from Katrina occurred on the coastal Mississippi, where all the cities flooded over 90% in hours, and the waves destroyed many historic buildings, with others destroying the 3rd story. After that, 238 people died in Mississippi, and all the districts in Mississippi were declared a disaster area, 49 for full federal assistance. The rules were then changed for emergency and casino centers. The emergency command center was moved higher as all 3 coastal centers flooded at 30Ã, ft (9 m) above sea level. Casinos are allowed on land rather than limited to floating casino barges as in 2005.
More than a million people in the Mississippi were affected, and almost 6 months later, the rate of devastation in Mississippi was still described as "surprising" at USA Today on February 16, 2006: "The Mississippi Gulf Beach has been devastated. in Mississippi is also surprising Since Katrina hit, more than half a million people in Mississippi have applied for help from FEMA. In just 2.9 million residents, it means more than one in six Mississippians have been asking for help.
Video Effects of Hurricane Katrina in Mississippi
Damage yang tersebar
Generals: The effects of storms can spread over a large area, because hurricanes are large complex storms that produce small storms, tornadoes, storm surges, and ocean waves. The eastern wind speed of the eye can be 40-50 mph (64-80 km/h) higher than the west wind of the eye. A breeze can be scattered, so boats or debris can hit a house but not others. One building looks untouched, while others nearby are flat; trees can also be partially weakened: tree limbs can fall months later, crash into roofs, cars, fences, etc.
Specific: Because Hurricane Katrina became a major storm, over 450 miles (720 km) wide, not only the spy lane, and a 28-foot (9 m) storm surge, but also an outer band of arms storms cause damage that is spread hundreds of miles away from the center. Eleven (11) sprouted tornadoes were recorded in Mississippi (51 other places). It is possible that the damage spreading in northern Mississippi occurred, by a spin-off storm, around the time Katrina made landfall east of Greater New Orleans (Louisiana "boot toe") and then, again, near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, head north-north-east to Mississippi, at 10 am on August 29th. Note that the "landing" takes place over a submerged city below 20 feet (6 m) of water. When the building collapsed, waterproof equipment floated, sent the refrigerator and dishwasher to another building ram and blocked the streets. Millions of affected homes and buildings, along with boats, boats, and over 40 offshore oil rigs.
The highways and railways are ruled out by a large amount of debris and occasionally collapsed (especially the I-10 Twin Span Bridge). The cost of clearing the debris in the Gulf Coast region is estimated at $ 200 million. Until major highways (US 49, US 59) can be evacuated, supplies and other emergency supplies are forced to rotate via highway 609 or highway 43/603, although this route is not officially posted.
Maps Effects of Hurricane Katrina in Mississippi
Synopsis of impact
The Gulf Coast of Mississippi suffers almost total destruction due to Hurricane Katrina on August 28-29, with stormy winds, a 28-foot (9 m) storm surge, and 55 foot (17 m) sea waves pushing barges, ships and debris casinos to the cities, leaving 236 people dead, 67 missing, and billions of dollars in damage. Katrina made a landing beneath the center of Mississippi, 30 miles (48 km) east of New Orleans at 6:10 am, strong storms, right, the front quadrant covered the southern Mississippi and Alabama coasts, increasing wind and flood damage. After making an initial landing in Louisiana, four hours later Katrina made a northward landing at the state line (near the mouth of the Pearl River) and through the submerged towns around Bay St. Louis as a Category 3 hurricane with wind speeds over 120 mph (192 km/h) and a 28-foot (9 m) spurt. Beaten by wind, rain and storm surges, some coastal environments are completely flattened, with 6-12 miles (10-19 km) of inland floods, crossing Interstate-10 (I-10) in some places.
The wind reached the storm force in Hancock and Harrison County at 2 am, and the wind intensified. When Katrina passes 30 miles (48 km) east of downtown New Orleans, with wind 57 mph (91 km/h), at 10 am, the landing in Mississippi increases the storm wind force in the 600,000 population of Mississippi, which includes several districts (see Figure KW10: Katrina Wind Speed ​​Map): Hancock, Harrison, Jackson County, Pearl River County, Stone, Walthall, Marion, Lamar County, Forrest County and Perry County (see Map County). Other districts to see the impact of powerful hurricane force from Katrina are Covington County, Jefferson Davis County, Simpson County, Smith County, Hinds County, Rankin County, and Scott County. Katrina maintains a high wind capacity of 80-85 mph in cities such as Mendenhall, Magee, Jackson, Brandon, and Forest in Mississippi. These cities contain a lot of damage to trees, roofs and damage to terraces, damage to power lines, and lots of debris being dumped. In Jackson, the streets are cleaned due to strong winds and strong rains carried over the course of the day. During this 10-morning period, a whirlwind continued across the nearby islands and peninsulas of Louisiana; However, for the rest of Louisiana, the wind subsided into strong winds after 10 am when Katrina became primarily a Mississippi storm.
Several casinos, which float on barges to comply with the Mississippi land-gambling law, were washed hundreds of meters into the ground by the waves. According to MSNBC, a 28ft (9m) storm surge hit 90% of buildings along the Biloxi-Gulfport coast. A number of roads and bridges were washed away, including a section of the bridge on US Highways 90. In particular, the road section of the US Highway bridge between St. Louis and Christian passes were completely destroyed by a storm; only the remaining support structures.
The three districts most affected by the storm were Hancock, Harrison County and Jackson County districts, although almost all districts were damaged, and 47 counties were declared disaster areas. Mississippi Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) officials also recorded deaths in Hinds, Warren, and Leake County. About 800,000 people through the country suffered a power outage, which is almost a third of the population.
The three coastal districts of Mississippi, populated by about 400,000 people (almost residents of central New Orleans), have mostly been evacuated before Katrina flooded the 100 mile (160 km) area. Hurricane Katrina is the most widespread, also the highest, in documented US history; most areas of Hancock, Harrison County, and Jackson County are flooded by storm surges, affecting most areas of the population. Surge covers most of the lower parts of Hancock County, destroying coastal communities of Clermont Harbor and Waveland, and many Bay St. Louis, and flows into the Jourdan River, flooding Kiln. In Harrison County, Pass Christian is completely flooded, along with a narrow strip of land to the east along the coast, covering the cities of Long Beach and Gulfport; wider floods in communities such as D'Iberville, which borders the Back Bay of Biloxi. Biloxi, on a peninsula between Back Bay and the coast, was devastated, especially the low-lying Cad Cad Point area.
In Jackson County, a storm surge flows across a large river mouth, with combined waves and freshwater floods cutting the district halfway. More than 90% of Pascagoula, the eastern coastal city of Mississippi, is flooded with waves. Other Jackson County communities such as Porteaux Bay are destroyed, and St. Martin was hit hard, along with Ocean Springs, Moss Point, Gautier, and Escatawpa.
Two destroyers under construction at Litton-Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula were damaged, as well as the Amphibious assault vessel USS Makin Island .
Surveying the damage the day after Katrina's death, Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour called the scene indescribable, saying "I can only imagine that this is what it looked like Hiroshima 60 years ago." The Mayor of Biloxi, A.J. Holloway, told the Biloxi Sun Herald, "This is our tsunami." Relief and reconstruction efforts initially focused on restoring power and clearing debris communities to a depth of eight feet (2.4 m).
Many historic buildings were destroyed in Mississippi, including cottages and second floors around Beauvoir's home, Jefferson Davis's home. Hundreds of irreplaceable Civil War era artefacts from Jefferson Davis's home and museum are either lost or destroyed.
Three floors down from the many casinos and high-rise hotels were destroyed. (See details below).
Together with many others affected by the storm, US senator Trent Lott lost Pascagoula's home, and the home town of Green Bay Packers quarterback Brett Favre was also totally destroyed.
Psychological impact
Both Mississippi survivors of hurricanes and disaster relief workers who support them are at high risk of developing Pascatrauma Stress Disorder, or PTSD, a mental health disorder that can develop after exposure to extreme situations such as war, natural disaster or harassment.
Path of Hurricane Katrina
Although Hurricane Katrina then traveled mainly through Mississippi, it began as a category 1 storm on August 25, crossing the southern tip of Florida (rain 14 inches (360 mm) [36 cm]) into the Bay, where it weakened, then amplified into Large category 5 with 175 mph (280 km/h) of continuous wind. Slowly turn north along Louisiana's east coast, at 4 am August 29, the winds are sustained at 132 mph (211 km/h), 90 miles (114 km) of SSE New Orleans. When Katrina landed near Buras, LA at 6:10 am CDT, with a 125 mph (201 m/h) wind (Category 3), it passed 40 miles (64 km) east of New Orleans and headed for the Mississippi state line (Mouth Pearl River, 10 AM CDT), with a storm that drove into the middle Mississippi to weaken in Meridian, and into Tennessee as a tropical storm. Although hurricane forces are based in Mississippi, the surrounding areas are also affected: as New Orleans begins to slowly flood with high east/north winds, a 28-foot (9 m) storm surge eastwards from Bay St. Louis destroyed the coastal area by 30-55 feet (17 m) of ocean waves, flooding 12 miles (19 km) of land. Waves push barges, oil rigs, boats, and debris to submerged cities to flatten many beach buildings across to Pascagoula with a 20-foot (6 m) spike, and to Alabama with a 15-foot (5 m) and 24 -kaki (7 m) wave beating beach houses inside Mobile Bay and tilting warship USSÃ, Alabama . (See full details below).
Mississippi evacuation
At 4:30 am CDT, on August 29, 2005, just hours before Hurricane Katrina storms, many shelters in Mississippi were filled with capacity, including many Red Cross shelters, the Jackson Coliseum (which allowed pets), and five shelters special needs.. The shelter has been filled in 24 hours of opening.
A few days earlier, on August 25, when Hurricane Katrina had crossed the southern tip of Florida, government offices in Mississippi had been discussing an emergency evacuation plan for days. On August 26, the Mississippi National Guard was activated, raising the level of concern, and on August 27, the state government activated the Emergency Operations Center, and the local government began issuing evacuation orders: Mississippi Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) advised not to open shelters in the area coastal areas. However, on August 28, the Red Cross also opened a shelter in the coastal area, and at 7:00 pm, 11 counties and eleven cities issued an evacuation order, the number increased to 41 districts and 61 cities before the next morning, when Katrina came ashore. In addition, 57 emergency shelters were established in coastal communities, with 31 additional shelters available to open if needed.
Because the evacuation was not total, many people survived a 30 foot (9 m) storm by climbing into a second-floor attic, or knocking down walls and ceiling boards to climb onto a roof or tree nearby. The tree trunk stood, even near the beach, where many houses were flattened. Others swim to a higher building or tree. More than 100 people were rescued from the roofs and trees in Mississippi.
Although populations of three (3) coastal districts have been nearly 400,000, and storm surges are 20-30 feet (9 m) with coastal winds of 75-120 mph (120-192 km/h), fewer than 250 die in Mississippi during Hurricane Katrina.
Building/federal projects
Due to federal intentions to rebuild or restore US Federal Government projects, assessments of damage to federal buildings in Mississippi include the actual cost: the amount required to continue operations at market costs. The following federal projects are described in terms of damage, along with the cost of continuing operations:
- $ 1.987 billion: as requested by President George W. Bush, for Naval Shipbuilding and Conversion; this fund will help Northrop Grumman to "replace damaged or destroyed equipment, prepare and restore naval vessels under contract, and provide cost adjustments." Ships damaged in Pascagoula.
- (unknown): as increased funding for the USDA housing program providing subsidized loans and financing housing improvements.
- $ 75 million: in wildlife habitat restoration , for Engineer Corps to improve the estuarine habitat in Mississippi: following the Governor's proposal on oyster reefs and coastal swamp restoration. The Mississippi Marine Resources Department will assist the Corps as these projects grow.
- $ 75 million: for Engineer Corps in various coastal projects: to accelerate the completion of official projects along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
- $ 1.1 billion: to improve important federal facilities in Mississippi, including:
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- $ 292.5 million for the repair and renovation of the VA hospital in Biloxi.
- $ 45 million for the Armed Forces Retirement Home in Gulfport.
- $ 277.2 million for the US Navy to help rebuild Seabee base in Gulfport and Stennis Space Center.
- $ 43.4 million to help rebuild Keesler Air Force Base.
- $ 45 million for Keesler Medical Center.
- $ 82.8 million for new Navy housing in the Gulfport/Stennis area.
- $ 324.8 million for housing at Keesler Air Force Base.
- $ 48.9 million for Naval housing at Naval Air Station Meridian and at Seabee base in Gulfport.
The amount of fees decided for work continued in 2006. Note that improvements include modern renovations, as it is not feasible to assess the damage in terms of restoring the federal building until the year it was built. However, it costs a hefty size of construction damage, without counting the millions of missing tiles, thousands of broken windows, etc.
Hancock County
Hancock County is the last landing spot of Hurricane Katrina's eye, causing total destruction in Waveland, Bay St. Louis, Pearlington, and Clermont Harbor, as well as the southern Diamondhead. Bridge between Bay St. Louis and Pass Christian crushed.
Katrina's 28-foot (9-meter) wave and the 55-foot sea wave, Waveland, Mississippi, and state-run officials say it took a tougher blow from wind and water than any other town along the coast.. Katrina landed on the beach at 8:01 high waves, raising storm waves with a height of 2 feet (0.6 m), up to more than 30 feet (9 m). It struck almost every structure within a mile and a half from the shore, leaving the driveway and the trail leading up to it. The death toll is estimated at around 50.
At bay st. Louis, Mississippi, foot (30 cm) of water flooded the Emergency Operation Center at the Hancock County courthouse, located 30 feet (9 m) above sea level. Katrina also demolishes the first floor and Saint Stanislaus All Boys High School hostel.
The damage caused by Katrina also caused about a quarter of the workforce to lose their jobs, with the unemployment rate reaching as high as 24.3%. Harrison County Harrison County
Harrison County, Mississippi was devastated by storms and storm surges. Two of the largest coastal cities, Biloxi and Gulfport, suffered severe damage and some casualties. On September 1, 126 people have been confirmed dead. The smaller coastal towns were also badly damaged. Most of Long Beach and most of Pass Christian, who bear the brunt of Camille Category 5 Cyclone in 1969, were leveled. The nearby Gulfshore Baptist Settlement Assembly, a camp owned and operated by the Mississippi Baptist Convention, has been permanently closed, and recommendations have been made to build new facilities elsewhere.
In the tourist town of Biloxi, extensive damage is reported as some of the city's attractions are destroyed. The lower 3 floors of many casino-high-rise hotels are gutted, like in the former Grand Casino of Gulfport, or the Imperial Palace (IP Hotel and Casino) or Beau Rivage in Biloxi. Many restaurants were destroyed and several casino barges had been washed out of the water and on land. Residents who survived the Hurricane Camille stated that Katrina was "much worse," with a storm surge that reportedly reached farther inland than previous hurricanes. Katrina's wind forecasts are lighter than Camille, and the air pressure center is slightly higher, but Camille is also a much smaller storm so the greater impact of a storm surge may be due to its size. Keesler Air Force Base, also located in Biloxi, reported major damage to its facilities. The Gulfport Authority reported to CNN news station that up to ten feet of water covered the streets of downtown. The Biloxi-Ocean Springs bridge is also completely destroyed (see BB Picture), and the US 90 has heavy debris and severe damage to the runway.
Thirty of the confirmed deaths in Harrison County are in St. Joseph's apartment complex. Charles, said Kelly Jakubic with the District Emergency Operations Center. The apartment complex reported, by local news sources, has collapsed with dozens of residents in it. FOX News also reported the deaths in the Calm Water Beach apartment. (Investigations later by WOOX Biloxi can not confirm death in this apartment.)
Rebuilding in Harrison County runs at different speeds in different cities. The city of Biloxi is greatly helped by the rise of the casino industry, while small towns like Pass Christian have no economic base to start the reconstruction effort. In January 2007, almost a year and a half after the Storm, Pass Christian still had not begun rebuilding its city buildings, and volunteer workers were still involved in rebuilding private homes in the city.
ECHL Mississippi Sea Wolves, playing in Biloxi, were forced to suspend operations for two years due to a storm that caused damage to the Mississippi Coast Coliseum. The team returned to play in 2007.
src: c8.alamy.com
Jackson County
In Jackson County, a storm surge flowed into a wide river mouth, with a combined wave and a freshwater flood that cut the county halfway. More than 90% of Pascagoula, the eastern coastal city of Mississippi, and 75 miles (121 km) east of Katrina landings, are flooded with waves. Other Jackson County communities such as Porteaux Bay and Gulf Hills are destroyed, and St. Martin was hit hard; Ocean Springs, Moss Point, Gautier, and Escatawpa also experienced major spike damage.
US Naval Officials announced that two Arleigh Burke-class-class missile carriers built at Litton-Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula had been damaged by storms, as well as amphibious assault ships of the USS Makin Island >.
Total region
After Hurricane Katrina, all districts in Mississippi were declared a disaster area, with 49 counties eligible for Federal full assistance. The following Mississippi countries (alphabetical order) reporting death, tornadoes, or damage:
- Adams County: reporting 2 deaths.
- Forrest County: reported 7 deaths.
- Hancock County: reported 51 deaths.
- Harrison County: reported 126 deaths.
- Hinds County: report 1 death.
- Jackson County: reported 12 deaths, and 2 tornadoes.
- Jasper County: reporting 1 tornado.
- Jones County: reported 12 deaths.
- Kemper County: report 1 tornado.
- Lamar County: reported 1 tornado.
- Lauderdale County: reported 2 deaths, and 1 tornado.
- Leake County: reported 1 death, and 3 tornadoes.
- Lowndes County: reported 1 tornado.
- Neshoba County: reported 2 tornadoes.
- Oktibbeha County: reported 1 tornado.
- Pearl River County: reported 17 deaths.
- Scott County: reported a tornado.
- Simpson County: report 1 death.
- Stone County: reporting 1 death.
- Warren County: report 1 death.
- Winston County: reported a tornado.
The names of 49 counties in Mississippi, declared disaster areas for full Federal assistance, are: Adams, Amite, Attala, Claiborne, Choctaw, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Franklin, Forrest, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Holmes, Humphreys, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Kemper, Lincoln, Lowndes, Madison, Marion, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Mutiara River, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Scott, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Walthall, Warren, Wayne, Wilkinson, Winston, and Yazoo. Taxpayers are eligible for automatic assistance in 49 states of Mississippi destined for personal assistance.
Other districts are also affected.
In region
Since Hurricane Katrina traveled across the state, Mississippi is located in the heart of the disaster area for the region. Outside areas of strong winds and storm surges, other areas are affected by spin-off tornadoes and rain floods. The map below shows the area of ​​disaster declared in the region.
The southern tip of Florida includes damage when Hurricane Katrina originated in the Caribbean Sea, dumping more than 14 inches (360 mm) of rain in the area.
Long-term impact
The rebuilding of cities takes years, and some areas are not restored. The bay bridge is built back higher and stronger, as has been done around Pensacola in the years after Hurricane Ivan (2004). Since all 3 Emergency Command Centers in the coastal area of ​​Mississippi have been flooded more than 30 feet (9 m) above sea level, the rules for the height of the command center are changed to move to higher ground. Casino-gambling rules were changed to allow casinos to be built on land in tall buildings, no longer forcing the use of a large floating casino barge near the city, which could again be beating ram along the 2nd and 3rd floor of the nearby hotel. Celebrities who previously visited New Orleans came to understand the enormous destruction that took place throughout the cities of the Gulf of Mexico. The US Army Corps of Engineers developed plans to rebuild the protective barrier islands that have drifted into the sea along coastal areas. Detailed reports are written that explain how people can survive by swimming to buildings or taller trees, and noting that those who are too old or can not swim can not survive. Many residents moved and never returned. Medical studies seek to estimate indirect deaths caused by people who have lost homes or local medical support.
See also
- Hurricane Katrina Effect by region
References
Further reading
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. In Surge, Under Siege: The Odyssey of Bay St. Louis and Katrina . Univ. Press Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-503-1.
External links
- Katrina, One Year Later: Three Perspectives of Mississippi Bay Beach Photos by David Wharton, Bruce West and Todd Bertolaet.
- Aftermath of Katrina on the Gulf Coast Mississippi (Essay Photo)
- December 2005 edition of MS Economic Outlook and Outlook
- An interview about Katrina with a Mississippi community activist
- Heal Katrina: Volunteer at Post-Hurricane Mississippi
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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