The colonial architecture of America includes several building design styles related to the colonial period of the United States, including the First Period of English (late medieval), French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Dutch Colonial, and Georgian. These styles are related to houses, churches and government buildings in the period from about 1600 to the 19th century.
Some relatively different colonial architectural styles are recognized in the United States. The building style in 13 colonies was influenced by the techniques and style of the English, as well as traditions brought by settlers from other parts of Europe. In New England, seventeenth-century colonial houses were built mainly of wood, following the style found in the south-east of England. Saltbox-style houses and Cape Cod-style houses are some of the modest homes built in New England colonies. Saltbox houses are known for their steep roofs between the rear of the house made for easy construction among the colonists. The Cape Cod-style houses were public houses in the early 17th century of the New England colony, these houses featuring simple rectangular shapes commonly used by colonists. The Dutch colonial structure, built mainly in the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and northern New Jersey, reflects the construction style of the Dutch and Flanders and uses more bricks and bricks than buildings in New England. In Maryland, Virginia, and Carolina, a style called "Southern Colonial" is acknowledged, characterized by halls and living rooms and a kind of middle house, which often has large chimneys projected from the rooftops. In the Delaware Valley, Swedish colonial settlers introduced wooden cabins to America. A style sometimes called colonial Pennsylvania came later (after 1681) and incorporated the influence of Georgian architecture. The Pennsylvania Pennsylvania style is recognized in southeastern Pennsylvania inhabited by German immigrants in the 18th century.
Early buildings in several other areas of the United States reflect the architectural tradition of the colonial power that controls the region. Louisiana's architectural style was identified as French colonial, while Spanish colonial style evoked Renaissance and Baroque styles of Spain and Mexico; in the United States found in Florida, Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and California.
Video American colonial architecture
Subtype
The First Period is a given title for building styles used in early English settlements in Jamestown, Virginia (1607) and Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620) and later in other British colonies along the east coast.
These buildings usually include steep roofs, small headed glass windows (usually due to scarcity of glass in the colony), rich ornaments (in more expensive homes only) and large chimneys.
French colonial
Developed in the French settlement areas of North America began with the founding of Quebec in 1608 and New Orleans, Louisiana in 1718, as well as along the Mississippi River valley to Missouri.
The early French colonial type of the Mississippi River Basin was poteaux-en-terre , built from upright vertical cedar logs arranged vertically to the ground. These basic houses have double-edged roofs and are surrounded by a veranda (gallery) to handle the hot summer climate.
In 1770, the shape of the French Colonial home base evolved into a briquette-entre-poteaux style (small brick between the poles) known in the historic areas of New Orleans and other areas. These houses feature double-louvred doors, hip roofs, roofs and shutters.
Spanish Colonial
Developed with previous Spanish settlements in the Caribbean and Mexico, the Spanish Colonial style in the United States can be traced back to St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest city founded in the country, was founded in 1565. The early type of shelter in Spanish Florida is a "board house", a one-room cottage built of sawnwood boards, usually with thatched roofs. During the 18th century, "public houses" were decorated with mucous lime with oyster shell aggregates. Usually two floors, homes include a cooling veranda to accommodate the Florida climate.
The style developed in the Southwest with the design of Pueblo is influenced by the architecture of the Puebloan indigenous people.
In Alta California, now California, different developed styles, too far for imported building materials and without skilled builders, became a strong simple version to build missions between 1769 and 1823. Ranchos are usually built from adobe.
Dutch Colonial
Developed from about 1630 with the arrival of Dutch colonists to New Amsterdam and the Hudson River Valley in what is now New York and in Bergen in what is now New Jersey. Initially the settlers built a small cottage, one room with stone walls and a steep roof to allow the second floor attic. In 1670 or more, a two-story gable-end house is common in New Amsterdam.
In the Hudson Valley countryside, the Dutch farmhouse evolved into a linear, straight-eyed linear house that moved into the final wall. Around 1720, a typical gambrel roof was adopted from the English style, with additional front and rear overhangs to protect the mud mortar used on stone walls and foundations.
German Colonial
Developed after about 1675, when the Delaware River Basin (Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware) were completed by immigrants from Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and several other northern European countries. The early invaders in this region adapted the "half-wood" construction style which became popular in Europe, using a stone-reinforced wood frame. "House bank" is a popular form of homes during this period, usually built on the side of the hill for protection during the cold winter and hot summers in the region.
"Two-story" townhouses "are also common around Pennsylvania all along.
Central Atlantic Colonial
The area around the Chesapeake Bay on the east coast of America is solved mainly by immigrants from the British islands. The standard vernacular house built by colonists in the area between the first settlement in 1607 and the end of British rule in 1776 followed the I-plan format, having a chimney roof or exterior gable, and whether it was wood or brick. Mostly just one deep room.
The academic architecture is proven, but it is relatively rare. The best example of the academic architecture of the Mid-Atlantic Colonial is 1774 Hammond-Harwood House in Annapolis, Maryland. The house is modeled at Villa Pisani in Montagnana, Italy as it is exhibited in Renaissance architects, Four Books of Architecture Andrea Palladio (1570). The colonial architect William Buckland designed this house in 1774 and the resulting house is a highly skilled adaptation of Villa Pisani for a warmer climate in the Chesapeake Bay area.
Colonial Georgia
Georgian buildings, which were popular during the reign of King George II and King George III, were ideally constructed of brick, with trims of wood, wooden poles, and painted white. However, in what would become the United States, one finds both brick and wooden buildings with walled boards. Sometimes they are painted in pale yellow. It distinguishes them from most other structures that are not usually painted. Mostly box-shaped with a few chimneys.
A Georgian colonial house usually has a formally defined living room, a dining room and sometimes a family room. The rooms are usually on the second floor. They also have one or two chimneys that can be very large.
Identify features (1700 - c.1780):
- The front door of the panel is centered, topped with a rectangular window (on the door or as a window above) and covered with a complicated crown/entablature supported by decorative pilasters
- Cornice decorated with decorative prints, usually denture
- Multi-pane and fenestration windows are arranged symmetrically (either vertically or horizontally)
Other features of Georgian-style homes can include - roof to ground level:
- Roof lined, Gambrel, or Hipped
- Chimneys on both sides of the house
- Porch.
- A small 6-paned sling window and/or roof window upstairs, mainly used for maid rooms.
- Larger window with 9 or 12 panels on the main floor
Maps American colonial architecture
See also
- American historic artisan
- List of home types
- List of house styles
- Architecture of the Colonial Awakening
- Spanish Colonial Revival Architecture
- Federal architecture
- Salt Box
- Cape Cod (home)
References
External links
- Two Dutch Houses: Meet Schencks - Brooklyn Museum Online Exhibition
- Historic House - New England Antique Real Estate
- Wells-Thorn House, Deerfield, Massachusetts
- About: Colonial House
- Colonial House style example in Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia
- Colonial House style example in Colonial Salem, Massachusetts
- Colonial House Restoration in Virginia
- Series of PBS Colonial Houses.
- The History of Colonial Architecture in Massachusetts
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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